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In this study we describe a novel flow-through respirometer with automated and semi-continuous detection of key water variables. The recirculating aquaculture system was designed to house aquatic organisms in culture-like conditions and allow long-term, high-precision measurements. Nine respirometry tanks (250 L in volume each) housed animals, and a tenth (without animals) acted as a reference tan

ABSTRACT Glycosylation is a common post-translational protein modification and many key proteins of the immune system are glycosylated. As the true experts of our immune system, pathogenic bacteria produce enzymes that can modify the carbohydrates (glycans) of the defense mechanisms in order to favor bacterial survival and persistence. At the intersection between bacterial pathogenesis and glycobi

A data set comprising 27 myo-inositol derivatives based on tetrakisphosphates and bispyrophosphates were used in the development of quantitative structure-activity relationship model for investigating its allosteric effector property against human haemoglobin (Hb). Three-dimensional structures of the investigated compounds were subjected to geometry optimisations at the density functional theory l

This article provides an overview of the management of a displaced hip in children with cerebral palsy and considers surveillance programmes, principles of surgical reconstruction and options for the salvage of an unreconstructable hip in these children.

In the present work we have selected a collection of statistical and mathematical tools useful for the exploration of multivariate data and we present them in a form that is meant to be particularly accessible to a classically trained mathematician. We give self contained and streamlined introductions to principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling and statistical hypothesis testing. Wit

Flavonols, flavanones and flavones (FLAV) are sub-classes of flavonoids that exert cardioprotective and anti-carcinogenic properties in vitro and in vivo. We aimed to estimate the FLAV dietary intake, their food sources and associated lifestyle factors in ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. FLAV intake and their foo

Objective: To evaluate a possible correlation between transvaginal ultrasound findings in miscarriages and cytogenetic analyses from chorionic villi obtained by dilatation and curettage. Design: Prospective, population-based study. Setting: University-based hospital. Patient(s): Five hundred seventy-six women with spontaneous miscarriage diagnosed between 6 and 12 completed pregnancy weeks. Interv

Modification and optimization of the anticancer drug cisplatin is of interest with respect to selective cell targeting and DNA binding efficiency. Attractive approaches contain both, modification of the platinum coordination sphere and design of hybrid molecules of the cisplatin binding moiety including peptide motifs. Peptides with cell penetrating, directing or recognizing properties can be impl

Selenium is an essential element, but its metabolism in humans is not well characterized. A few small studies indicate that the trimethylselenonium ion (TMSe) is a common selenium metabolite in humans.

Sensitive detection of molecular biomarkers in clinical samples is crucially important in disease diagnostics. This paper reports the developement of an aptamer microarray platform combined with sol-gel technology to identify low-abundance targets in complex serum samples. Because of the nanoporous structure of the sol-gel, a high capacity to immobilize the affinity specific aptamers is accomplish

Enzymatic synthesis of alkyl glycosides using glycoside hydrolases is well studied, but has yet to reach industrial scale, primarily due to limited yields. Reduced water content should increase yields by limiting the unwanted hydrolytic side reaction. However, previous studies have shown that a reduction in water content surprisingly favors hydrolysis over transglycosylation. In addition, glycosid

alpha decay is treated microscopically, where the unstable mother nucleus and residual daughter nucleus are described using Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) wave functions, obtained with the Skyrme effective interaction. From these wave functions the amplitude for forming alpha particles in the mother nucleus is computed. Two different Skyrme parametrizations with different pairing properties are com

The nuisance alga Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae) has expanded in the Nordic countries during the last decades and can dominate lake phytoplankton communities almost completely. A possible explanation to its dominance could be limited grazing by zooplankton. We investigated the potential grazing pressure on G. semen using an experimental approach supported by field data. We determined the grazi

Information on the ecological traits of species might improve predictions of climate-driven range shifts. However, the usefulness of traits is usually assumed rather than quantified. Here, we present a framework to identify the most informative traits, based on four key range-shift processes: emigration of individuals or propagules away from the natal location; the distance a species can move; est

The African humid tropical biome constitutes the second largest rainforest region, significantly impacts global carbon cycling and climate, and has undergone major changes in functioning owing to climate and land-use change over the past century. We assess changes and trends in CO2 fluxes from 1901 to 2010 using nine land surface models forced with common driving data, and depict the inter-model v

The perennial herbaceous crop Arundo donax is a potential feedstock for second-generation bioethanol production. In the present work, two different process options were investigated for the conversion of two differently steam-pretreated batches of A. donax. The pretreated raw material was converted to ethanol with a xylose-consuming Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, VTT C-10880, by applying either