TheEl Niño SouthernOscillation(ENSO) isEarth's dominant source of interannual climate variability, but its response to globalwarming remainshighly uncertain1.To improve ourunder standing of ENSO's sensitivity to external climate forcing, it is paramount to determine its past behaviour by using palaeoclimate data and model simulations. Palaeoclimate records show that ENSO has varied considerably si

Most fermentative microorganisms grow well-under anaerobic conditions managing a balanced redox and appropriate energy metabolism, but a few species do exist in which cells have to cope with inadequate energy recovery or capture and/or redox balancing. Two cases of these species, i.e., the metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae enabling it to ferment xylose and Lactobacillus reuteri fer

Immunoglobulins are the effector molecules of the adaptive humoral immune system. In a genome-wide association study of 19,219 individuals, we found 38 new variants and replicated 5 known variants associating with IgA, IgG or IgM levels or with composite immunoglobulin traits, accounted for by 32 loci. Variants at these loci also affect the risk of autoimmune diseases and blood malignancies and in

AbstractAim: Although imaging of In vitro labeled leukocytes is commonly used for diagnosing inflammation and infection, data concerning the use of this technique to monitor neutrophil trafficking are scarce. Here we investigated thepotential of 111In-in vitro labeled leukocytes (InWBC) to monitor neutrophil trafficking in an animal model of pulmonary inflammation.Methods: F344 rats were divided i

Communities all over the world are using traditional technologies to extract drinkingwater, irrigate their lands and feed their livestock. But these often sustainable and ancient ways to make use of groundwater are in rapid decline worldwide. A research project started in 1999 to study the rehabilitation of 1500-year old water tunnels called "qanats"in Syria. To Cooperate or not to Cooperate...? d

The chief economist for the World Bank's Africa region, Shanta Devarajan, delivered a devastating assessment of the capacity of African states to measure development in his 2013 article "Africa's Statistical Tragedy". Is there a "statistical tragedy" unfolding in Africa now? If so, it becomes important to examine the roots of the problem as far as the provision of statistics in poor economies is c

A film on identity & hydropolitics in the Israeli occupied Golan Heights. Majdal Shams is a Syrian village in the Golan Heights, a water rich plateau located between Israel and Syria. The Syrian citizens of Majdal Shams and four other villages have been under Israeli occupation since the October war in 1973. After 40 years their on-going resistance is in the form of refusing Israeli citizenshi

BACKGROUND Madagascar is the fourth biggest island and one of the poorest countries in the world, with more than 75 % of the 24 million inhabitants living under poverty line. The health care system in the country is under development, as well as the field of rehabilitation services and the area of prosthetic and orthotic services in specific. There is very limited published research concerning reh

The field flatness and the layout of the stabilization system in a drift tube linac are strongly dependent on the manufacturing errors that affect the local resonant frequency. In this paper a methodology is presented to study, firstly, the sensitivityof the resonant frequency and of the field flatness to each geometrical parameter of the drift tubes; then a set of tolerances for each parameter is