Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent toxins known. So far, eight serotypes have been identified that all act as zinc-dependent endopeptidases targeting SNARE proteins and inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters. Recently, the first botulinum toxin-like protein was identified outside the Clostridial genus, designated BoNT/Wo in the genome of Weissella oryzae. Here, we report the 1.

Ribosome biogenesis is a canonical hallmark of cell growth and proliferation. Here we show that execution of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), a migratory cellular program associated with development and tumor metastasis, is fueled by upregulation of ribosome biogenesis during G1/S arrest. This unexpected EMT feature is independent of species and initiating signal, and is accompanied by

The effect of barrier properties on in vitro intestinal lipolysis of three different types of emulsions based on oil-in-water starch granule Pickering stabilization has been investigated including non-heat treated, heat treated (gelatinized) and heat treated and stored (retrograded) emulsions. The stability of starch covered oil-water interfaces towards in vitro intestinal lipolysis was correlated

Recently, dimpled surfaces have found great attention due to their abilities in energy management and heat transfer enhancement, low weight, small values of pressure drop penalty, simple fabrication, and small maintenance costs. Many experimental and numerical studies are accomplished to investigate the potentials of dimpled surface technology in energy management of various thermal energy systems

Due to the high level of pollutant emissions from traditional marine diesel engines, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as clean energy is becoming a better choice for main engines to replace the traditional fuels. Meanwhile, in order to improve the energy efficiency of the marine power system, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has been regarded as the most suitable solution to recover the waste heat for t

This work illustrates the impact of atmospheric gases on the surface of epitaxial graphene. The different rate of adsorption on different parts of graphene samples provides a concrete evidence that the surface morphology of graphene plays a significant role in this process. The uneven adsorption occurs only on the surface of the monolayer graphene and not on bilayer graphene. The second monolayer

Background: The aim of this nationwide follow-up study was to examine whether neighborhood linking social capital is associated with lung cancer, including incident and mortality cases, after adjustment for individual- and familial-level factors. Methods: This follow-up study comprised 2,123,707 men and 2,046,174 women aged 25 years or older in Sweden. The follow-up period started on January 1, 20

The accumulation of Cr(VI)will cause mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on humans. Therefore, the standard regulations have been governed by the EPA to control the chromium content in the effluent and drinking water and have made it mandatory [1]. For the better recovery of the adsorbent; Magnetic nano particle based phosphorene titanium nano tubes were used for the first time in action which has

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed almost exclusively in the hematopoietic compartment. Its ligand, FLT3 ligand (FL), induces dimerization and activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. Activation of FLT3 leads to its autophosphorylation and initiation of several signal transduction cascades. Signaling is initiated by the recruitment of sig

The isolation, identification and structure of the spalt gene is described. This novel homeotic gene of Drosophila is required for the establishment of the posterior-most head and the anterior-most tail segments of the embryo. It encodes a small mRNA of 0.8 kb which is under the control of over 15 kb of upstream sequences as indicated by the phenotype of transformed embryos. The putative spalt pro

Recent density-functional studies of the structural and electronic properties of a wide range of transition-metal sulphides (Raybaud P, Kresse G, Hafner J and Toulhoat H 1997 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 9 11085, 11 107) are extended to consider the effect of magnetic ordering in sulphides formed by 3d transition metals. We find that CrS is well described as an itinerant antiferromagnet and that the

This paper presents the IMS contribution to the CoNLL 2017 Shared Task. In the preprocessing step we employed a CRF POS/morphological tagger and a neural tagger predicting supertags. On some languages, we also applied word segmentation with the CRF tagger and sentence segmentation with a perceptron-based parser. For parsing we took an ensemble approach by blending multiple instances of three parse

A large region containing the extra sex combs (esc) gene of Drosophila has been cloned by microdissection from polytene chromosomes and chromosomal walking. Within this DNA, the segment comprising the esc gene has been narrowed down in several steps. First, a deletion of the esc gene, Df(2L)esc, defined a region of 380 kb. Then, a duplication carrying the esc gene, Dp(2;2)GYL, and a deletion not e

Spin-polarized calculations in solids have generally been confined to a global quantization axis to simplify both the theoretical model and its implementation in self-consistent codes. This approximation is justified as many materials exhibit a collinear magnetic order. However, in recent years much interest has been directed towards noncollinear magnetism in which the magnetization density is a c

We point out that the recent Comment of Kurz et al. on our previous work arrives at conclusions already published by two of us. The description of noncollinear magnetism on three different levels of approximation is briefly analyzed.

Preeclampsia (PE) has been associated with placental dysfunction, resulting in fetal hypoxia, accelerated erythropoiesis, and increased erythroblast count in the umbilical cord blood (UCB). Although the detailed effects remain unknown, placental dysfunction can also cause inflammation, nutritional, and oxidative stress in the fetus that can affect erythropoiesis. Here, we compared the expression o