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Ice coating –A new method of brain device insertion to mitigate acute injuries

Background: Reduction of insertion injury is likely important to approach physiological conditions in the vicinity of implanted devices intended to interface with the surrounding brain. New methods: We have developed a novel, low-friction coating around frozen, gelatin embedded needles. By introducing a layer of thawing ice onto the gelatin, decreasing surface friction, we mitigate damage caused b

Enzyme synergy for the production of arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides from highly substituted arabinoxylan and evaluation of their prebiotic potential

Wheat bran arabinoxylan can be converted by enzymatic hydrolysis into short arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) with prebiotic potential. Alkali extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat-bran offers advantages in terms of yield and results in arabinoxylan with highly-substituted regions which has been a challenge to hydrolyse using endoxylanases. We show that this hurdle can be overcome by selecting a

Distal forearm fractures in immigrant groups : A national Swedish study

Objective: The aim was to analyse risk of forearm fractures in first- and second-generation immigrants to Sweden. Methods: A nationwide study of individuals 20 years of age and older was conducted. Forearm fractures were defined as at least one registered diagnosis in the National Patient Register between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2012. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the relat

Cultural distance and income divergence over time

Instead of featuring a long-awaited convergence process, the second half of the twentieth century witnessed a dramatic income divergence across countries. We propose cultural distance between countries as a determinant of this economic divergence. Cultural similarity makes it easier for societies to interact, learn and adopt from one another. Consequently, cultural differences may lead to economic

Is This Completely M.A.D.? Three Views on the Ruling of the German FCC on 5th May 2020

This brief note, on the Bundesverfassungsgericht’s Weiss judgment of 5th May 2020, highlights three implications of the German Federal Constitutional Court’s landmark ruling and its constitutional significance with implications for the wider context of Member States’ cooperation in the EU and European integration as a whole. We explain the relevant background of the judgment and argue that the spe

Managing patients with dementia

1. Dementia is a clinical syndrome with several causes whichcreates impairments in mental ability, personality, affect andsocialisation.2. Information from family members can be very useful in theearly identification of cognitive impairment.3. Patients presenting with cognitive impairment should be evaluatedfor potentially reversible causes, with a range of laboratorytests and investigations.4. Sh

A machine learning based approach for determining the stress-strain relation of grey cast iron from nanoindentation

Apart from microhardness and elastic modulus, the stress-strain relation is another important characteristic that more and more scholars have been trying to extract from nanoindentation. With the development of artificial intelligence and computer technology, a machine learning based method is proposed in this paper to extract stress-strain curve of grey cast iron using sharp nanoindentation. Firs

Building extraction from VHR remote sensing imagery by combining an improved deep convolutional encoder-decoder architecture and historical land use vector map

Building extraction has attracted considerable attention in the field of remote sensing image analysis. Fully convolutional network modelling is a recently developed technique that is capable of significantly enhancing building extraction accuracy. It is a prominent branch of deep learning and uses advanced state-of-the-art techniques, especially with regard to building segmentation. In this paper

Hetero-nuclear STEAM: Localisation of 13C MR-spectroscopy using {1H-13C} polarisation transfer and 1D phase encoding

Abstrakt. Gradientval av överföringar gör det möjligt att förenkla polarisationsöverföringssekvenser genom att utelämna kemiska skift-återfokuseringspulser. Funktionerna hos en förenklad STEM-sekvens med tre pulser för {1H-13C} polarisationsöverföring har studerats vid 2 Tesla på ett helkropps MR-system med avseende på användning av MR-spektroskopi in vivo. Den observerade signalen ökas genom nett

Hindlimb motor responses to unilateral brain injury : spinal cord encoding and left-right asymmetry

Mechanisms of motor deficits (e.g. hemiparesis and hemiplegia) secondary to stroke and traumatic brain injury remain poorly understood. In early animal studies, a unilateral lesion to the cerebellum produced postural asymmetry with ipsilateral hindlimb flexion that was retained after complete spinal cord transection. Here we demonstrate that hindlimb postural asymmetry in rats is induced by a unil

Lateral variation of the native passive film on super duplex stainless steel resolved by synchrotron hard X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy

A native passive film on 25Cr-7Ni super duplex stainless steel was analyzed using synchrotron hard X-ray photoemission electron microscopy, focusing on variations between individual grains of ferrite and austenite phases. The film consists of an oxide inner layer and an oxyhydroxide outer layer, in total 2.3 nm thick. The Cr content is higher in the outer than the inner layer, ca. 80 % on average.

Islamic beliefs and host-guest relationships in Iran

This study examines how Islamic beliefs affect host-guest interactions from the perspectives of local people in two Islamic heritage villages in Iran. Face-to-face interviews with 51 people across the two settings highlight the significant influence of Islamic beliefs on host-guest interactions and indicate that these beliefs can be supportive of tourism. However, religiosity also significantly in

Gravitational footprints of massive neutrinos and lepton number breaking

We investigate the production of primordial Gravitational Waves (GWs) arising from First Order Phase Transitions (FOPTs) associated to neutrino mass generation in the context of type-I and inverse seesaw schemes. We examine both “high-scale” as well as “low-scale” variants, with either explicit or spontaneously broken lepton number symmetry U(1)L in the neutrino sector. In the latter case, a pseud

Multiplicity dependence of K*(892)0 and ϕ(1020) production in pp collisions at s=13 TeV

The striking similarities that have been observed between high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions and heavy-ion collisions can be explored through multiplicity-differential measurements of identified hadrons in pp collisions. With these measurements, it is possible to study mechanisms such as collective flow that determine the shapes of hadron transverse momentum (pT) spectra, to search fo

Influence of pulsed and moderate electric field protocols on the reversible permeabilization and drying of Thai basil leaves

The effect of electroporation parameters on the reversible permeabilization of cells in Thai basil leaves and, specifically, cells on the leaf surface was investigated, as electroporation of stomatal guard cells decreases drying times. Various combinations of PEF and MEF parameters were applied. The effect of these parameters on the electroporation of the leaf surface was assessed with microscopic

Technology led to more abstract causal reasoning

Many animal species use tools, but human technical engagement is more complex. We argue that there is coevolution between technical engagement (the manufacturing and use of tools) and advanced forms of causal cognition in the human (Homo) lineage. As an analytic tool, we present a classification of different forms of causal thinking. Human causal thinking has become detached from space and time, s

Serum Iodine and Breast Cancer Risk : A Prospective Nested Case-Control Study Stratified for Selenium Levels

BACKGROUND: Iodine has been suggested to protect against breast cancer, but there are no epidemiologic studies on individual risk. An interesting finding is that in areas where the exposure to both selenium and iodine are high (e.g., Japan), the risk of breast cancer is lower than in areas where selenium is high and iodine low (e.g., United States), or in areas where both are low (e.g., Northern E