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Background: Interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) for tuberculosis infection (TBI) cannot distinguish different stages of the TBI spectrum (including spontaneously cleared infection). We investigated patterns of Mtb-specific blood mediators in people with and without TBI during tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). Methods: Individuals with likelihood of recent Mtb exposure, aged 15–25 years, with

Biochar has a very wide range of uses in industrial processes, wastewater treatment, agriculture and soil remediation. Scaling up biochar deposits in soils has been proposed for carbon sequestration in the context of climate mitigation strategies. Although certain contaminants in feedstock can be eliminated through pyrolysis, others persist, and the process itself produces additional hazardous sub

Familial Platelet Disorder with associated Myeloid Malignancy (FPDMM, FPD/AML, RUNX1-FPD), caused by monoallelic deleterious germline RUNX1 variants, is characterized by bleeding diathesis and predisposition for hematologic malignancies, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clinical data on FPDMM-associated AML (FPDMM-AML) are limited, complicating evidence

Food systems have enormous impacts on people and the planet, with agriculture and food research becoming strategic for many countries. However, the way this research is conducted and the rise of new agri-food technologies have ethical and socio-economic implications. To address these, many scholars are gaining interest in participatory methods, such as citizen science, but are unfamiliar with the

High-Arctic environments are facing an elevated pace of warming and increasing human activities, making them more susceptible to the introduction and spread of alien species. We investigated the role of human disturbance in facilitating the spread of a native plant (Papaver dahlianum) in a high-Arctic natural environment close to Isfjord Radio station and along adjacent hiking trails at Kapp Linné

Objective: Meat intake is suggested to affect gut microbiome composition and the risk of chronic diseases. We aimed to identify meat-associated gut microbiome features and their association with host factors. Design: Gut microbiota species were profiled by deep shotgun metagenomics sequencing in 9669 individuals. Intake of white meat, unprocessed red meat, and processed red meat was assessed using

The emergence of a hydrogen economy in Europe and the Nordic region represents one important pathway to decarbonization of critical sectors. This development is and will be shaped by distinctive national strategies that do not fully converge around shared objectives. The landscape reveals a complex interplay of technological innovation, industrial policy, and environmental ambition.Each Nordic cou

Understanding of carbon nanomaterials oxidation is useful in many different applications, e.g., for soot emission abatement, or in defect engineering aiming to improve material properties. In this work, the oxidative behavior of three substantially different qualities of carbon black, multiwall carbon-nanotubes, and few-layer graphene, was studied using a combination of macroscale quantification (

Tomographic surface X-ray diffraction (TSXRD) is an adaptation of classic surface X-ray diffraction to allow for measurements of polycrystalline surfaces. Compared to most other surface-sensitive techniques, surface X-ray diffraction has advantages in operando studies, since it can provide crystallographic information about surface structures in high gas pressures (above atmospheric) as well as th

Purposes: The Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) has been considered the best available measure of body awareness, but it is not currently available in Spanish. Methods: To address this shortcoming, a sample of 281 Spanish participants completed a survey with a Spanish version of the BAQ, as well as the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2), the Self-Compassion Scale-Short (SCS-S) and the New Sexual Sat

Study region: The Meichuan Basin, China Study focus: Soil water processes are critical in hydrological modeling, yet most studies focus on surface moisture due to data limitations, which hampers accurate simulations of root zone soil moisture dynamics. To address this gap, we developed three calibration schemes: M1 and M2, two benchmarks that rely solely on traditional streamflow data and incorpor

Recently suggested strategies for ammonia-blended combustion promote the interest in oxygenated hydrocarbon fuels. The development of combustion models for blended fuels is challenging and the cross-reactions are critical to the performance of the models. In this work, comprehensive ab initio thermodynamic and kinetic studies targeting diethyl ether (DEE) and its cross-reactions with NH2 were carr

A number of recent studies have made use of statistics derived from geodynamo simulations to constrain the flow at the top of the Earth's core. Here we adapt these methods to infer possible core surface flow solutions over the past 9000 years, using a low degree geomagnetic field model, based on archaeomagnetic and sedimentary archives. Despite the low spatial resolution of the field model, we fin

The growing need for human-machine interfaces (HMIs) underscores the importance of sensory feedback, with electrical stimulation offering efficient interaction in various applications. While its sensory effects are extensively studied, investigations into the reaction time (RT) following transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate how stimulation parame

Patients and families facing the end of life deal with constant health changes, making their ongoing involvement in care decisions vital yet often overlooked. The iLIVE project conducted a qualitative study across 10 countries, exploring the experiences of patients, family members, and healthcare professionals, enabling a comprehensive exploration of the experiences of end-of-life decision-making.

Background: Alternative food sources are crucial for the survival and reproduction of moths during nectar scarcity. Noctuid moths make a better use of fermented food sources than moths from other families, while the underlying molecular and genetic basis remain unexplored. As the fermentation progresses, yeasts lysis and the accumulation of metabolic byproducts alter the composition and the volati

Divorce increased throughout the twentieth century across Western nations. Procyclical divorce, i.e. following macroeconomic cycles, is often suggested and women’s increased economic independence is considered a contributor to increasing divorce rates. Research has, however, overlooked that different factors may drive divorce rates across time horizons. Macroeconomic conditions, like unemployment,

A general entanglement generation protocol between remote stationary qubits using single-photon reflection in a photonic network is explored theoretically. The nodes of the network consist of single qubits that are typically represented by the spin of a color center, each localized in a separate optical cavity and linked to other nodes via photonic links such as optical fibers. We derive a model a

So, we now have a book on philosophy of science written for biologists, which contains topics that its editors (both of them biologists) thought would be useful. Whereas we hope that many biologists will read it and reflect on philosophy of science, this is not the only role we envisaged for this book. We also believe that the book could be used in courses for biology undergraduates and graduates.