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A generalization of Gallager's low-density parity-check codes is introduced, where as component codes single-error correcting Hamming codes are used instead of single-error detecting parity-check codes. Low-density (LD) parity-check codes were first introduced by Gallager in 1963. These codes are, in combination with iterative decoding, very promising for achieving low error probabilities at a rea
Popular Abstract in Swedish I detta arbete har lösningar bestående av polymerer och kolloidala partiklar studerats. En polymer är en lång molekyl som består av många sammanlänkade repeterande enheter. En repeterande enhet är i sin tur den minsta enhet som återkommer i strukturen. Polymerer finns i många olika former i vår omgivning, både naturligt och syntetiskt framställda. Exempel på polymera maThe influence of added colloidal particles on the phase behaviour of a polymer solution was investigated. Binary, quasi-binary and mixed polymer solutions were used in the study, where at least one of the polymers had an affinity for the surfaces of the colloidal particles. Experimentally, silica and polystyrene latex particles were used as colloidal particles. Theoretical calculations have been p
How have the dramatic events of the Second World War been viewed in the Nordic countries? In Nordic Narratives of the Second World War, leading Nordic historians analyse post-war memory and historiography. They explore the relationship between scholarly and public understandings of the war. How have national interpretations been shaped by official security-policy doctrines? And in what way has the
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Popular Abstract in Swedish Många fysiska egenskaper för ett material beror på den atomära strukturen, det vill säga vilka atomer som sitter var. För att bestämma den geometriska strukturen måste ofta en kombination av flera metoder användas. I detta arbete har vi använt högupplöst fotoelektronspektroskopi (HRCLS), diffraktion av lågenergetiska elektroner (LEED) samt beräkningar baserade på tätheThis thesis concerns clean and adsorbate covered metal surfaces and surface alloys. These systems have been studied using theoretical and experimental methods. In the first part of the thesis, the different techniques that have been utilized in this work are presented, and the included publications are summarized. The second part of the thesis consists of seven original publications. In the first
The Modelica language is currently gaining increased interest, both in industry and in academia. Modelica is an object-oriented, general purpose modeling language, targeted at modeling of complex physical systems. While the main usage of models developed in Modelica is simulation, several other usages emerge. Examples of such usages are dynamic optimization, model reduction, calibration, verificat
De fackliga organisationerna tillhör de viktigaste aktörerna på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Jämfört med i många andra länder har den svenska fackföreningsrörelsen uppnått mycket av vad man eftersträvat. Det har säkerligen bidragit till att Sverige, tillsammans med Danmark och Finland, har världsrekord i facklig anslutning. Tillsammans med övriga nordiska länder är Sverige vidare unikt genom att d
