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An acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)-related gene is involved in the accumulation of triacylglycerols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The major route for the synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) in yeast as well as in all TAG-accumulating organisms has been suggested to occur via the acylation of diacylglycerol (DAG) by acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DAGAT). Genes encoding DAGAT have been identified in both plant and animal tissues. These genes show strong sequence similarities to genes encoding acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl

On the gradient expansion of the exchange energy within linear-response theory and beyond

In the present work, we reexamined the gradient expansion of the exchange energy of an electron gas with a slowly varying charge density. We stay within the exchange-only approximation of Sharp, Horton, Talman, and Shadwick but go to second order in the deviation from the homogeneous limit. The coefficient of the lowest-order gradient correction is obtained analytically both for a bare and a scree

A new method to measure plasma levels of activated protein C in complex with protein C inhibitor in patients with acute coronary syndromes

Our newly devised immunofluorometric sandwich assay for measuring plasma concentrations of activated protein C (APC) in complex with protein C inhibitor (PCI) was compared with testing for conventional markers of myocardial damage CKMB (creatine kinase MB), TNI (troponin I) and hypercoagulability (D-dimer, TAT) in 76 patients with suspected myocardial infarction (MI). APC-PCI complex levels in sam

Characterization of the NIST Seaweed Standard Reference Material

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) for seaweed was developed through an interlaboratory comparison with 24 participants from 16 countries. After evaluating different techniques to calculate certified values for the radionuclides, the median method was found to be the most representative technique. The certified values were provided for 13 ra

A QM/MM investigation of the activation and catalytic mechanism of Fe-only hydrogenases

Fe-only hydrogenases are enzymes that catalyze dihydrogen production or oxidation, due to the presence of an unusual Fe6S6 cluster (the so-called H-cluster) in their active site, which is composed of a Fe2S2 subsite, directly involved in catalysis, and a classical Fe4S4 cubane cluster. Here, we present a hybrid quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) investigation of the Fe-only hydrog

Analysis of genome plasticity in pathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli isolates by use of DNA arrays

Genomes of prokaryotes differ significantly in size and DNA composition. Escherichia coli is considered a model organism to analyze the processes involved in bacterial genome evolution, as the species comprises numerous pathogenic and commensal variants. Pathogenic and nonpathogenic E. coli strains differ in the presence and absence of additional DNA elements contributing to specific virulence tra

Conformational analysis of HAMLET, the folding variant of human alpha-lactalbumin associated with apoptosis

A combination of hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange and limited proteolysis experiments coupled to mass spectrometry analysis was used to depict the conformation in solution of HAMLET, the folding variant of human alpha-lactalbumin, complexed to oleic acid, that induces apoptosis in tumor and immature cells. Although near- and far-UV CD and fluorescence spectroscopy were not able to discriminate be

Evolution of nucleotide sequences and expression patterns of hydrophobin genes in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus

Hydrophobins are small, secreted proteins that play important roles in the development of pathogenic and symbiotic fungi. Evolutionary mechanisms generating sequence and expression divergence among members in hydrophobin gene families are largely unknown. Seven hydrophobin (hyd) genes and one hyd pseudogene were isolated from strains of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus. Sequences wer

Histamine and histidine decarboxylase are hallmark features of ECL cells but not G cells in rat stomach

The oxyntic mucosa of the rat stomach is rich in ECL cells which produce and secrete histamine in response to gastrin. Histamine and the histamine-forming enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC) have been claimed to occur also in the gastrin-secreting G cells in the antrum. In the present study, we used a panel of five HDC antisera and one histamine antiserum to investigate whether histamine and HDC

Detection of inter-atrial conduction defects with unfiltered signal-averaged P-wave ECG in patients with lone atrial fibrillation

AIMS: To demonstrate a possible inter-atrial conduction delay in patients with lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) using 'unfiltered' signal-averaged P-wave ECG (PSAECG) and compare these results with those obtained with conventional filter settings. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty one patients with lone PAF and 20 healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled in the study. An orthogonal lead

Weight gain during pregnancy does not influence the spread of spinal analgesia in the term parturient

BACKGROUND: It is still controversial whether the spread of spinal anaesthesia in pregnancy is influenced by particular physique. Investigation was based on a clinical observation that parturients with a pronounced "pregnant" physique, e.g. generalised oedema and heavy abdomen, tended to develop more cephalad sensory blockades than parturients without these physical signs. Using weight gain during

Geographical profiling obscene phone calls - A case study

Studies on geographical profiling have typically focused on crimes with physical crime sites. This study focused on crimes with no physical crimes sites (i.e., no physical contact occurred between the victim and offender). A single offender made obscene phone calls (OPC) to 86 children during the years 1999-2000 in the south of Sweden. The locations in which obscene phone calls were received were

Insect-like olfactory adaptations in the terrestrial giant robber crab

The robber crab (Birgus latro), also known as the coconut crab, is the world's largest land-living arthropod, with a weight reaching 4 kg and a length of over half a meter [1]. Apart from the marine larval stage [2, 3], this crab is fully terrestrial, and will actually drown if submerged in water [4]. A transition from sea to land raises dramatically new demands on the sensory equipment of an anim

Bacillus subtilis StoA is a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase important for spore cortex synthesis

Bacillus subtilis is an endospore-forming bacterium. There are indications that protein disulfide linkages occur in spores, but the role of thiol-disulfide chemistry in spore synthesis is not understood. Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases catalyze formation or breakage of disulfide bonds in proteins. CcdA is the only B. subtilis thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that has previously been shown to play so