Current and recent struggles encountered in the development of the transport biofuels sector indicate a significant change in the perception of biofuels. Instead of a win-win solution, transport biofuels have become a major planning challenge. In fact, biofuels can be labelled a wicked problem. The planning studies literature offers some tools to interpret this change and guide future actions. Fir

Regulatory frameworks within the European Union demand that chemical substances are investigated for their ability to induce sensitization, an adverse health effect caused by the human immune system in response to chemical exposure. A recent ban on the use of animal tests within the cosmetics industry has led to an urgent need for alternative animal-free test methods that can be used for assessmen

To compare structural knee joint changes in obese patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) that after an intensive weight loss therapy were randomized to continuous dietetic support, a specialized knee exercise program, or 'no attention' for 1 year.

For the first time, we report remote excitation polarization-dependent surface photochemical reaction by plasmonic waveguide. Remote excitation polarization-dependent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra indicate a surface photochemical reaction that p-aminothiophenol is converted to p,p'-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) induced by the plasmonic waveguide. Surface plasmon polaritons generat

InP core-shell nanowire pn-junctions doped with Zn and Sn have been investigated in terms of growth morphology and shell carrier concentration. The carrier concentrations were evaluated using spatially resolved Hall effect measurements and show improved homogeneity compared to previous investigations, attributed to the use of Sn as the n-type dopant. Anisotropies in the growth rate of different fa

We use a nested-grid version of the GEOS-Chem chemistry transport model, constrained by isoprene emissions from the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN), and the Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ-GUESS) bottom-up inventories, to evaluate the impact that surface isoprene emissions have on formaldehyde (HCHO) air-mass factors (AMFs) and vertical column densit

Pb2+ complexes can attain several different topologies, depending of the shape of the Pb 6s6p lone pair. In this paper, we study structures with a bisdirected Pb lone pair with quantum mechanics (DFT) and QM/MM calculations. We study small symmetric Pb2+ models to see what factors are needed to get a bisdirected lone pair. Two important mechanisms have been found: First, the repulsion of the lone

ESS will be a premier neutron source facility. Unprecedented neutron beam intensities are ensured by spallation reactions of a 5 MW, 2.0 GeV proton beam impinging on a tungsten target equipped with advanced moderators. The work presented here aims at investigating possibilities for installing an ultra cold neutron (UCN) source at the ESS. One consequence of using the recently proposed flat moderat

Policy-makers apply multiple policy instruments simultaneously in the climate and energy policy field at both EU and Member State levels. This creates interactions between instruments that can be complementary and synergistic but also conflicting. This article focuses on the interactions of climate policy instruments and their impact on biomass use. The objectives are to examine interactions of th

There is a strong genetic predisposition towards abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but it is unknown whether persons without AAA but with first-degree relatives who are AAA patients have a generalized dilating diathesis, defect arterial wall mechanics, or increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of the study was to investigate arterial diameters and wall mechanics at multiple arterial sites in these

Abstract in Undetermined Multi-state transition models are widely applied tools to analyze individual event histories in the medical or social sciences. In this paper, we propose the use of (discrete-time) competing-risks duration models to analyze multi-transition data. Unlike conventional Markov transition models, these models allow the estimated transition probabilities to depend on the time sp

Integrated Assessment (IA) models aim at providing information- and decision-support to complex problems. This paper argues that uncertainty analysis in IA models should be user-driven in order to strengthen science–policy interaction. We suggest an approach to uncertainty analysis that starts with investigating model users’ demands for uncertainty information. These demands are called “uncertaint

A total of 105 low-birth-weight children presenting for first vaccination were randomized to receive bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immediately or later (current practice). The mortality rate ratio for BCG was 0.17 (95% CI = 0.02-1.35) within 3 days of enrollment, 0.28 (0.06-1.37) in the first month, and 0.27 (0.07-0.98) after 2 months of age. The mortality rate ratio was 0.41 (0.14-1.18) (P = 0.0

MALDI Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides a technology platform that allows the accurate visualization of unlabeled small molecules within the two-dimensional spaces of tissue samples. MSI has proven to be a powerful tool-box concept in the development of new drugs. MSI allows unlabeled drug compounds and drug metabolites to be detected and identified and quantified according to their mass-to

We prove an operator identity for the shift operator in the scale of standard weighted Bergman spaces in the unit disc. This operator identity is then applied in the context of functional calculus for the shift operator and a characterization of harmonic symbol Bergman space Toeplitz operators is obtained generalizing an earlier result by Louhichi and Olofsson. Duality arguments lead to operator i

In recreational fishing, catch and release (C&R), where fish are released alive after capture, is commonly adopted to minimize fishing mortality. Injuries from hooking and the mode of de-hooking can affect survival probability, and the choice of angling gear can affect injury severity. We show for C&R angling for northern pike (Esox lucius) in the Baltic Sea that hooking location and size

alpha-Synuclein levels are critical to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Wild-type alpha-synuclein is degraded partly by chaperone-mediated autophagy, and aberrant alpha-synuclein may act as an inhibitor of the pathway. To address whether the induction of chaperone-mediated autophagy may represent a potential therapy against alpha-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity, we overexpressed lysosomal-associa

This paper analyses inter-regional labour reallocation in Sweden over the period 1985–2008 and assesses the effects of technology-induced structural change on the ability of regions to attract and retain workers. The findings suggest that (1) the regional presence of leading industries associated with technological change has a significant effect; (2) the importance of leading industries is of dyn

Species-rich tropical communities are expected to be more specialized than their temperate counterparts [1-3]. Several studies have reported increasing biotic specialization toward the tropics [4-7], whereas others have not found latitudinal trends once accounting for sampling bias [8, 9] or differences in plant diversity [10, 11]. Thus, the direction of the latitudinal Specialization gradient rem