Frost destruction of porous building materials is a big problem in the Scandinavian countries, and in many other countries inside and outside Europe, such as U.K., Germany, countries in eastem Europe, U.S.A., Canada, etc. Much research has been devoted to solving the frost destruction problem, especially conceming the destruction of concrete, but also conceming the destruction of clay brick, roofi

We present a scheme for storage and retrieval of the quantum state of a single-photon or a weak classical or non-classical optical wave-packet, in a solid-state medium. We describe how the spectral absorption profile of a material such as a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal can be manipulated to efficiently absorb and subsequently reemit a wave-packet, in a photon echo-like process. We discuss how the

Popular Abstract in Swedish Mellan 15 och 20 % av de patienter som kommer för behandling av gallstenssjukdomen (stenar i gallblåsan) har samtidigt stenar i de djupa gallvägarna (förbindelsegången mellan lever-gallblåsa och tolvfingertarmen). Hos yngre patienter är andelen endast 7-8 %, medan den i äldre patientgrupper kan vara 50 % eller mer. Traditionellt har stenarna i gallgången avlägsnats samtOpen surgical versus endoscopic treatment of CBD stones in 80 elderly not cholecystectomized patients revealed a similar efficacy of stone clearance and early major complication rates, as well as total complication rates and hospitalization time in the two groups during 5 to 9 years follow-up. However, more patients in the endoscopically treated group died from heart disease, suggesting surgery to

This study evaluated the relative contribution of insulin-dependent mechanisms vs. mechanisms independent on dynamic insulin for glucose intolerance induced by high-fat diet. C57BL/6J mice underwent a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (1 g/kg glucose) at 1 wk and 1, 3, and 10 mo after initiation of a high-fat diet (58% fat; control diet 11% fat) to measure glucose effectiveness

Brådvik L, Berglund M. Seasonal distribution of suicide in alcoholism. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2002: 106: 299-302. Copyright Blackwell Munksgaard 2002. Objective: To investigate the seasonal distribution of suicide in alcohol dependence and to make a comparison with unnatural death in alcoholism and suicide in other diagnostic groups. Method: Multiaxial ratings of all patients admitted to the Departm

We investigate the scattering and multiple scattering of a typical laser beam (lambda= 800 nm) in the intermediate scattering regime. The turbid media used in this work are homogeneous solutions of monodisperse polystyrene spheres in distilled water. The two-dimensional distribution of light intensity is recorded experimentally, and calculated via Monte Carlo simulation for both forward and side s

Distributed energy resources, such as wind turbine generators, often employ induction generators. When such a generator is subjected to a nearby fault, its rotor may accelerate and reach high steady-state speed far from that corresponding to the frequency of the system. This is the generator counterpart to induction motor stalling, which is classified as voltage stability. The phenomenon is a matt

InP quantum dots grown on GaInP by the Stranski-Krastanow technique are less well studied than InAs quantum dots grown on GaAs. We here give a review of the main experimental evidence for the InP dots being charged when grown in between n-type barriers.

At least twenty books and several hundred articles have been published during the last ten years on the subject of the nature of fiction. This article deals with four recent attempts by Genette, Jacquenod, Currie and Steffensen to reformulate the theory, largely on the basis of Searle's feigned assertions, of the semantics of possible worlds, of narratology and of linguistic pragmatism. In these n

The present study deals with free play in preeschool. The purpose is to investigate the way children conceptualize play, and the significance of play in preeschool activities. The latter has been illuminated through an analysis of normative documents, and vatious methods have been worked out that show how the possibilities of play can be made use in preschool. Group interviews with children betwee

Filtering and reconstruction of signals play a fundamental role in modern signal processing, telecommunications, and control theory and are used in numerous applications. The feedback principle is an important concept in control theory. Many different control strategies are based on the assumption that all internal states of the control object are available for feedback. In most cases, however, o

Summary Previous studies on precipitation over South America that strongly support the existence of links between precipitation and SST anomalies in the Pacific Ocean have identified specific regions where the ENSO signal is particularly stronger. Northeast of Brazil and some parts of southern South America are examples of these regions. However, the same attention was not taken to identify which

The interaction between recombinant human cystatin C and the cysteine proteinases papain and actinidin was studied by spectroscopic, kinetic and equilibrium methods. The absorption, near-u.v.c.d. and fluorescence-emission difference spectra for the cystatin C-proteinase interactions were all found to be similar to the corresponding spectra for chicken cystatin. The kinetics of binding of cystatin

An increased prevalence of asthma in cross-country skiers has been reported previously. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the prevalence of asthma among young, elite cross-country skiers in Trondelag, Norway and Jamtland, Sweden. These two regions in central Scandinavia have different climates during the winter season, with a coastal type in Trondelag while Jamtland is characterized by