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An inter-observer Ki67 reproducibility study applying two different assessment methods : on behalf of the Danish Scientific Committee of Pathology, Danish breast cancer cooperative group (DBCG)

Introduction: In 2011, the St. Gallen Consensus Conference introduced the use of pathology to define the intrinsic breast cancer subtypes by application of immunohistochemical (IHC) surrogate markers ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67 with a specified Ki67 cutoff (>14%) for luminal B-like definition. Reports concerning impaired reproducibility of Ki67 estimation and threshold inconsistency led to the initiatio

Turbulent diffusion of chemically reacting flows : Theory and numerical simulations

The theory of turbulent diffusion of chemically reacting gaseous admixtures developed previously [T. Elperin, Phys. Rev. E 90, 053001 (2014)PLEEE81539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.90.053001] is generalized for large yet finite Reynolds numbers and the dependence of turbulent diffusion coefficient on two parameters, the Reynolds number and Damköhler number (which characterizes a ratio of turbulent and reac

Dosimetry-based treatment planning for molecular radiotherapy : A summary of the 2017 report from the Internal Dosimetry Task Force

Background: The European directive on basic safety standards (Council directive 2013/ 59 Euratom) mandates dosimetry-based treatment planning for radiopharmaceutical therapies. The directive comes into operation February 2018, and the aim of a report produced by the Internal Dosimetry Task Force of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine is to address this aspect of the directive. A summary o

How deformed are the TSD bands in odd Lu isotopes?

The experimental fingerprints for large deformation in the triaxial strongly deformed (TSD) bands of 163,165,167Lu are discussed. It is argued that these fingerprints are not very convincing. On the contrary, especially the fact that there exist strong interactions between the TSD bands and normal-deformed (ND) bands indicates that the deformation of the TSD bands cannot be very different from tha

Two-dimensional action spectroscopy of excitonic systems : Explicit simulation using a phase-modulation technique

Two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy has been intensively used to study electronic and vibronic coherences in biological systems and semiconductors. This technique studies coherent as well as incoherent signals that arise from the nonlinear interaction of a sequence of laser pulses. In this paper we present a direct evaluation of the 2D signal based on elementary quantum kinetics in order to compare

Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Solar Energy Conversion

Electrons are the workhorses of solar energy conversion. Conversion of the energy of light to electricity in photovoltaics, or to energy-rich molecules (solar fuel) through photocatalytic processes, invariably starts with photoinduced generation of energy-rich electrons. The harvesting of these electrons in practical devices rests on a series of electron transfer processes whose dynamics and effic

Proust, China and intertextual engagement : Translation and transcultural dialogue

The book traces the literary journey that Proust's work made to China and back by means of translation, intertextual engagement, and the creation of a transcultural dialogue through migrant literature. It begins with a translation history of Proust's work in China and studies the different (re)translations and editions of La Recherche highlighting their culturally conditioned thematic emphases and

Protective and Nanoporous Alumina Films Studied in situ by X-ray and Electrochemical Methods

Aluminium och Aluminiumlegeringar, som förutom aluminium innehåller några få procent av andra metaller, används i flera olika produkter såsom mobiltelefoner, flygplan, bilar och byggnader. Bland annat är aluminiumlegeringar det mest använda byggtekniska materialet efter järnlegeringar. Det breda användandet av aluminiumlegeringar förklaras av de många fördelaktiga egenskaperna. Till exempel har leIn this thesis, the studies of native and anodic oxides on both aluminum model single crystal surfaces as well as on aluminum alloys found in applications are presented. The focus has been on the characterization in situ as the oxide is growing by an electrochemical process called anodization. For the investigations, a combination of various X-ray scattering and spectroscopy methods, as well as el