This thesis deals with ultrafast dynamics of electronic processes in rare gas atoms. The processes we explore include photoemission, where we time the emission of electrons moving away from the atomic core following ionization by a photon; and auto-ionization, where the atom spontaneously releases an electron wave-packet following photo-excitation. These processes occur on an attosecond and femtos

In 65 young women undergoing curettage for benign utrine disorders a signicicant relationship was found between early oral contraceptive use (starting age

To the Editor: The study on oral-contraceptive use and the risk of breast cancer from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Aug. 14 issue)1 seems to be reassuring for oral-contraceptive users. But, as stated in the editorial by Shapiro in the same issue,2 there are some weak points that need further elucidation. We have found a high

Cytogenetic analysis was attempted in 20 patients with Hodgkin's disease. No mitoses were found in 2 cases, normal metaphases in 7, and normal metaphases with nonclonal aberrations in 7. Of the 4 cases with clonal aberrations, one had +16 as the sole change, whereas the remaining tumors had multiple numerical and structural changes.

In 18 untreated adult patients (median age 62.5 yr) with advanced non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of unfavourable histology, thymidine labelling indices (LIs) of the lymphoma cells were assessed. The patients were treated with combination chemotherapy and have been followed for 29–60 (median 52) months or until death. The survival curve had a steep fall during the first 2 yr. Between 2–5 yr after treatment

The cytogenetic findings in 70 patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma have been correlated with tumor histopathology according to the Kiel classification. Certain chromosome aberrations displayed a nonrandom association with the grade of malignancy: 4 lymphomas out of 6 with 1p+, 5 out of 7 with del(6)(q15), 7 out of 11 with 14q+, and 5 out of 8 with +18 belonged to the high grade malignancy group, wh

At histopathological diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) the mean number of mitoses in 10 high power fields (×40) was determined in thin sections (2μm) and designated 'mitotic index' (MI). In 38 patients the thymidine labelling index (LI) of the lymphoma cells was also determined. There was a close correlation between MIs and LIs (r=0.81, P

The cytogenetic findings in samples from 106 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), histopathologically classified according to the Kiel classification, have been correlated with survival time. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities were found in 60 patients, and only normal karyotypes in ten. The chromosome analysis of the remaining samples failed. The failures did not differ in survival compared w

The incidence of chromosome aberrations, i.e., chromatid and chromosome gaps, breaks, and exchanges, was studied in cultured skin fibroblasts from 25 untreated patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 26 controls. The mean frequencies of aberrant cells, and gap, break, and gap+break events per 100 metaphases were 4.2, 1.9, 2.8, and 4.7 in the NHL group, and 5.1, 2.6, 3.2, and 5.8 in the cont

Aims: Chronic left atrial enlargement (LAE) increases the risk of atrial fibrillation. Electrocardiogram (ECG) criteria might provide a means to diagnose LAE and identify patients at risk; however, current criteria perform poorly. We seek to characterize the potentially differential effects of atrial dilation vs. hypertrophy on the ECG P-wave. Methods and results: We predict effects on the P-wave

This paper presents a procedure to derive a thermal lumped-parameter grey-box model of an electric machine built for traction. The procedure includes experimental data logged under overload conditions for accurate temperature prediction at high currents, and features a relatively simple loss estimation approach. Validation of the model shows a good fit between measured and simulated results. Possi

This article presents a concept of direct cooled windings for electrical machines, pumping air through hollow rectangular copper windings. The thermal constraints pose a serious limitation in the performance of many applications of electrical machines, not least in electrical vehicles. The difference between temporary maximum output and continuous output is often substantial. This difference can b

This paper explores and assesses power loss generation and heat extraction in a stator with directly air-cooled laminated winding. An electrical machine winding made of an electric conducting sheet, which have slotted structure for accommodating a magnetic core, is denoted a laminated winding. A space is introduced between the conducting sheets so that the heating power is removed right where it i

This paper presents and assesses the cooling integration of electrical machines with concentrated windings. A conventional coil in a concentrated winding with forced cooling applied on the exterior coil surfaces is replaced by an alternative solution where the coil is opened up in a laminar structure with the intention of the coolant fluid penetrating the coil and removing the interior heat. This

This paper explores the urban form, demographic and socio-economic dependencies of walking, cycling and e-biking in Beijing based on a survey (N = 1427) of daily travel among residents in eight neighborhoods, enriched with urban form variables. The results show that walking is most frequently used, followed by cycling, which in turn is more frequent than e-biking. Walking and cycling are preferred