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Effects of cooling on muscle function and duration of stance phase during gait

Introduction: Cold exposure alters muscular function. Muscle cooling influences the neuromuscular activation during maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MVC) and the amplitude of surface electromyography (sEMG) [1],[2]. It also slows down the mechanical process during contraction [3]. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of local cooling in cold water at 10 °C for 20 min i

Preparations for discussing constructivism with a Martian

It is easy to demonstrate the naivety of many people preparing messages for intelligent beings on other planets using pictures. On the other hand, constructivism, which supposes all our perception to rely on social constructs, has long been shown to be untenable, notably by Gibson, who instead suggested that some general ecological principles have to be taken into account. In a parallel fashion, I

Anti-Sclerostin antibody and mechanical loading appear to independently influence metaphyseal bone in rats

Background and purpose Sclerostin is produced by osteocytes and is an inhibitor of bone formation. Thus, inhibition of sclerostin by a monoclonal antibody increases bone formation and improves fracture repair. Sclerostin expression is upregulated in unloaded bone and is downregulated by loading. We wanted to determine whether an anti-sclerostin antibody would stimulate metaphyseal healing in unloa

Cluster parameters for time-variant MIMO channel models

The next challenge for MIMO radio channel models is to simulate the time-variant nature of the channel correctly. Cluster-based MIMO channel models are well suited for this problem, however they currently lack an accurate parameterization of the time-variant cluster parameters. In this paper we identify and track clusters from three differentmeasurements conducted in an indoor, a sub-urban, and a