Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies world-wide, and in Sweden approximately 3000 cases are diagnosed annually. Even though bladder cancer is so common there is low public awareness of the disease, and it has historically been less studied compared to other common types of cancer. This is reflected in the fact that both the treatment methods and outcome for patients have remained

Today's test methods used for verifying the performance and robustness of automotive applications using wireless communication are often based on fieldtrails, which are time consuming, costly, and not repeatable. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new verification methods that can be performed in lab environment, where the realistic radio propagation environment can be emulated. The telecom in

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play a central role in hematopoietic regeneration, which has been demonstrated by thorough studies. In contrast, the cell cycle status and metabolic condition of HSCs define these cells as dormant. Recent studies have also revealed that protein metabolism is quite unique, as dormant HSCs have a lower protein synthesis rate and folding capacity. Under proliferative c

Rapporten är en analys av Malmö, Mölndals, Norrköpings och Örebros arbete med cykelplanering och bygger på en genomgång av plandokument från 2000 fram till 2015. Utifrån en nyckelordsökning har kommunernas arbete med att öka attraktiviteten för cykel som ett naturligt och självklart transportslag i stadsmiljö granskats utifrån ett normkritiskt perspektiv på transporter där bilen utgör det självkla

Diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta methods (DIRK) are evaluated and compared to standard solution procedures for finite strain crystal plasticity boundary value problems. The structure of the DIRK implementation is similar to that of a conventional implicit backward Euler scheme. It is shown that only very small modifications are required in order to transform the numerical scheme from one into the o

It is argued that early language learning in children emerges from five primary knowledge structures: Space, objects, actions, number and events. These structures constitute the basis for the semantic domains that are used to form categories that represent the meanings of early words. The domains are naturally modeled in conceptual spaces that are based on geometric notions rather than on symbolic

For over half a century, the multitudinous mirror eyes of the lowly scallop have continuously amazed us with their visual eccentricities. The latest surprise is the mirror itself, which turns out to be an extraordinary optical wonder. For over half a century, the multitudinous mirror eyes of the lowly scallop have continuously amazed us with their visual eccentricities. The latest surprise is the

Acoustic comfort is a concept hardly described in the literature. But it has been used in engineering typically to refer to low noise or annoyance in order to invoke no discomfort. Current standardized methods for airborne and impact sound reduction are deployed to assess acoustic comfort in dwellings. However, the measured sound pressure levels do not represent comfort. The latter should include

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is an important cause of hearing loss in children and constitutes a serious health problem globally with a strong association to resource-limited living conditions. Topical antibiotics combined with aural toilet is the first-hand treatment for CSOM but antimicrobial resistance and limited availability to antibiotics are obstacles in some areas. T

There is increasing interest in the drivers of industrial diversification, and how these depend on economic and industry structures. This article contributes to this line of inquiry by analyzing the role of industry relatedness in explaining variations in industry diversification, measured as the entry of new industry specializations, across 173 European regions during the period 2004–2012. First,

Numerous species of nematodes have evolved to inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans, with over a billion of the world's population infected with at least one species. These large multicellular pathogens present a considerable and complex challenge to the host immune system given that individuals are continually exposed to infective stages, as well as the high prevalence in endem

We analyze the local convergence of proximal splitting algorithms to solve optimization problems that are convex besides a rank constraint. For this, we show conditions under which the proximal operator of a function involving the rank constraint is locally identical to the proximal operator of its convex envelope, hence implying local convergence. The conditions imply that the non-convex algorith

Milk powder and gluten are common components in Swedish infants’ diets. Whereas large intakes of gluten early in life increases the risk of celiac disease in genetically at-risk Swedish children, no study has yet evaluated if intake of milk powder by 2 years of age is associated with celiac disease. A 1-to-3 nested case-control study, comprised of 207 celiac disease children and 621 controls match

Due to critical impacts of air pollution, prediction and monitoring of air quality in urban areas are important tasks. However, because of the dynamic nature and high spatio-temporal variability, prediction of the air pollutant concentrations is a complex spatio-temporal problem. Distribution of pollutant concentration is influenced by various factors such as the historical pollution data and weat

A supervisory observer is a multiple-model architecture, which estimates the parameters and the states of nonlinear systems. It consists of a bank of state observers, where each observer is designed for some nominal parameter values sampled in a known parameter set. A selection criterion is used to select a single observer at each time instant, which provides its state estimate and parameter value

Chinese hybrid rice of different varieties, growing in paddies in the Pingqiao district, north of Xinyang city, Henan province, China, was studied in detailed spectroscopic characteristics using laser-induced fluorescence. The base for the studies was the new South China Normal University mobile lidar laboratory, which was dispatched on site, providing facilities both for laboratory studies using

Cloud computing infrastructures are powering most of the web hosting services that we use at all times. A recent failure in the Amazon cloud infrastructure made many of the website that we use on a hourly basis unavailable1. This illustrates the importance of cloud applications being able to absorb peaks in workload, and at the same time to tune their power requirements to the power and energy cap

Objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune condition with heterogeneous presentation and complex aetiology where DNA methylation changes are emerging as a contributing factor. In order to discover novel epigenetic associations and investigate their relationship to genetic risk for SLE, we analysed DNA methylation profiles in a large collection of patients with SLE and he

In this paper we consider L1 optimal and H-infinity optimal control problems for a particular class of Positive Bilinear Systems that arise in drug dosage design for HIV treatment. Starting from existent characterizations of the L1-norm for positive systems, a convex formulation for the first problem is provided. As for the H-infinity case, we propose an algorithm based on the iterative solution o

It is commonly assumed that sex chromosomes evolve recombination suppression because selection favours linkage between sex-determining and sexually antagonistic genes. However, although the role of sexual antagonism during sex chromosome evolution has attained strong support from theory, experimental and observational evidence is rare or equivocal. Here, we highlight alternative, often neglected,