Mjukvaruindustrin är idag en av de viktigaste industrierna i världen, och flerparten av de apparater vi använder innehåller mjukvara. Eftersom mjukvara har både en litterär del och en uppfinningsrik del har det varit oklart hur mjukvara ska skyddas. Den kan skyddas av patent, som täcker idén bakom programmet, och upphovsrätt, som täcker uttrycket av idén. Ett program endast skyddat av upphovsrättThe software industry is today one of the most important industries, and almost all devices we use contain some piece of software. As software has both a literal expression and an inventive aspect, it has been unclear which way the intellectual property should be protected. Software can be covered both by patents, that protect the idea behind the code, and copyright, that protects the expression o

Humanitära interventioner, alltså militära ingripanden i en stat utan dess samtycke för att skydda befolkningens mänskliga rättigheter, har under de senaste årtiondena varit omdiskuterade. Interventionernas förespråkare menar att vi alla har en moralisk skyldighet att hjälpa människor i nöd. De som är kritiska till interventionerna menar att dessa innebär en kränkning av en av folkrättens hörnstenHumanitarian interventions, that is to say military interventions in a state, without its permission, to protect the population’s human rights, have during the past decades been controversial. The advocates of the interventions regard it as everyone’s duty to help humans in need. The interventions’ critics argue that the interventions are a violation of one cornerstone of the international law, th

En Turing model är en matematisk model i form av en partiell differentialekvation. De introducerades på 50-talet av den brittiska matematikern Alan Turing för att förklara hur biologiska organismer som t. ex. nyckelpigor utvecklar spatiella mönster under sin utveckling. Turing modeller involverar i regel system av olinjära partiella differentialekvationer vars lösning ej kan utryckas med en enkel A Turing model for pattern generation on Lady beetles is considered. This motivates the construction of numerical algorithms for solving reaction-diffusion equations on the sphere. By applying a Galerkin approximation in space, and the implicit Euler method for timestepping, the equation is fully discretized. Convergence orders are proven for this scheme. To obtain a more efficient time stepping a

Reglerna om rättelse på eget initiativ i skatteförfarandelagen (2011:1244) och skattebrottslagen (1971:69) ger en skattskyldig möjlighet att rätta en oriktig uppgift i en tidigare deklaration. En skattskyldig som lämnar en oriktig uppgift i deklarationen riskerar annars normalt påföljd i form av skattetillägg eller åtal för skattebrott. Rättas den oriktiga uppgiften på eget initiativ undgår den skThe rules of correction on ones own initiative, in the tax procedure law and tax prosecution law, give the taxpayer an opportunity to correct inaccurate information in a previous tax report. A taxpayer that provides inaccurate information in the declaration normally risks sanctions, either by penalty charge or prosecution for tax evasion. Corrections on ones own initiative discharge the taxpayers

Denna framställning behandlar förekomsten och den eventuella omfattningen av ett humanitärt undantag till människosmugglingsbestämmelsen i 20 kap. 8 § utlänningslagen (2005:716). Enligt denna bestämmelse stadgas att den som uppsåtligen hjälper en utlänning att olovligen komma in i eller passera genom Sverige döms för människosmuggling. I förarbeten har dock framhållits att ideell verksamhet som enThis thesis explores the existence and possible scope of a humanitarian exception to the human smuggling provision in Chapter 20 § 8 of the Aliens Act (2005:716). Under this provision a person who intentionally assists an alien to enter, or transit across, Swedish territory in breach of the law is sentenced to human smuggling. However, in the legislative history it has been stated that actions aim

This MS thesis report provides documentation of results and experience obtained during the spring 1974. The main purpose is to show the construction of an interactive program package, which is used for simulations of some special types of adaptive controllers, called self-tuning regulators. According to the experience at the division, the program package is command driven. A part of the report pre

This treatise gives constructing principles, hardware ones as well as software ones, for an operator's console adapted to the process computer and DDC software package of the Division of Automatic Control. The console is implemented with a micro computer trademark TRANSINTRO with CPU INTEL 8008. The display unit consists of four registers: "node identity", "parameter identity&qu

The goal of this work is to use basic physical laws to construct a model and a controller for an industrial gas turbine. The model shall simulate all of security and controlling interesting process variables, with resonable accurancy. The controller shall use the process up to the limits to get it as fast as possible at load changes. An unlinear model for a gas turbine STAL GT-120b has been establ

The achievable accuracy of models derived by identification depends on a number of factors, e.g. the conditions during the experiments. The accuracy is studied by simulation for a number of different experiments: open loop experiments with different types of input signals and closed loop experiments with different types of regulators. For this purpose a special simulation program has been written

A simple mathematical model has been made for the heat exchange in a freezing chamber. By this the contents of the room have been regarded as a warm and a cold mass. Equations for convection and radiation between these masses, the room air and the cooling pipes have been made from physical data. The heat transference in the articles, which is described by partial differential equations, has been a

The aim of this report is to provide an extensive description of regulator RD100, and its subsystems, from an electrical point of view. The report is written in a step-like manner in order to suit various kinds of readers, from those who only need a basic knowledge about the regulator, to those who will be eventually redesigning the whole regulator or parts thereof, to make it meet future demands

The purpose of this report is to study dynamic models of processes used in waste water treatment. The report consists of a literature study and identification of two different unit processes. The literature study consists of a thorough search of some relevant periodicals, and the result is presented as a collection of abstracts of articles, treating dynamic aspects of waste water treatment techno