Recent recordings of dolphin echolocation using a dense array of hydrophones suggest that the echolocation beam is dynamic and can at times consist of a single dominant peak, while at other times it consists of forward projected primary and secondary peaks with similar energy, partially overlapping in space and frequency bandwidth. The spatial separation of the peaks provides an area in front of t

Adverse life events during pregnancy may impact upon the developing fetus, predisposing prenatally stressed offspring to the development of psychopathology. In the present study, we examined the effects of prenatal restraint stress (PS) on anxiety- and depression-related behavior in both male and female adult Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition, gene expression profiles within the hippocampus and fro

Mutations in the promoter of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) genes constitute the most recurrent somatic alterations in urothelial carcinoma of bladder. In this study, we screened DNA from 327 urothelial bladder carcinomas from well-documented patients, with different stages and grades and known TERT promoter mutational status, for FGFR3

A convergence analysis is presented for the implicit Euler and Lie splitting schemes when applied to nonlinear parabolic equations with delay. More precisely, we consider a vector field which is the sum of an unbounded dissipative operator and a delay term, where both point delays and distributed delays fit into the framework. Such equations are frequently encountered, e.g. in population dynamics. T

Prophylaxis is considered the optimal treatment regimen for patients with severe haemophilia, and may be especially important in the prevention of joint disease. Novel coagulation factor concentrates with prolonged half-lives promise to improve patient treatment by enabling prophylaxis with less frequent dosing. With the call to individualize therapy in haemophilia, there is growing awareness of t

Abstract For nanotoxicology investigations of air-borne particles to provide relevant results it is ever so important that the particle exposure of, for example cells, closely resembles the "real" exposure situation, that the dosimetry is well defined, and that the characteristics of the deposited nanoparticles are known in detail. By synthesizing the particles in the gas-phase and directly deposi

The Ki67 labelling index (LI - proportion of staining cells) is widely used to reflect proliferation in breast carcinomas. Several cut-off values have been suggested to distinguish between tumours with low and high proliferative activity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the distribution of Ki67 LIs in breast carcinomas diagnosed at different institutions by different pathologists usin

We have investigated methods of starch dissolution with the aim of finding an optimum method to completely dissolve starch granules to form a molecularly dissolved starch solution without degradation of the polymers. Glycogen was used as a model molecule for amylopectin, to identify the dissolution conditions under which the degradation of the polymers was limited or not present. Dissolution was p

This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the optimal accuracy and resolution in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) based on the Cramér–Rao lower bound. The imaging problem is characterized by the forward operator and its Jacobian. The Fisher information operator is defined for a deterministic parameter in a real Hilbert space and a stochastic measurement in a finite-dimensional complex Hi

The development of dyskinesia upon chronic L-DOPA treatment is a major complication for the management of the motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Efforts are made to understand the underlying mechanisms and identify targets for the pharmacological alleviation of dyskinesia without affecting the therapeutic effect of L-DOPA. Previous studies have shown that the mTOR pathway is hype

This paper explores research routines which are so mundane that they are rarely noticed and may be hard to even verbalise. How does one acquire the bodily dexterity of rifling through a filing cabinet, skimming Google lists, or judging a book by holding in it one’s hands? Drawing on interviews with and observations among scholars of both the analogue and digital generations, mainly in the social a

To better understand how silkmoth cocoons maintain the correct internal moisture levels for successful pupation, we examined cocoons from the long-domesticated mulberry silkmoth Bombyx mori as well as from two wild silkmoth species, Antheraea pernyi and Philosamia cynthia ricini. We determined fluid-independent values for the porosity, tortuosity and permeability of the inner and outer surfaces of

In this paper we study the interaction between starch which has been hydrophobically modified, with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA), and alpha-beta-livetin, which is the water soluble fraction of egg yolk. The modification of the starch renders it surface active and also incorporates a carboxyl group to the starch, which can be negatively charged. The interaction was studied both in solution and

A small number of studies have explored children's perception of speakers' voice quality and its possible influence on language comprehension. The aim of this explorative study was to investigate the relationship between the examiner's voice quality, the child's performance on a digital version of a language comprehension test, the Test for Reception of Grammar (TROG-2), and two measures of cognit

We show that the valence band response to photon impact in metallic nanoparticles is highly energy dependent. This is seen as drastic variations of cross sections in valence photoionization of free and initially charge-neutral nanosized metal clusters. The effect is demonstrated in a combined experimental and theoretical study of Rb clusters. The experimental findings are interpreted theoretically

Background: Early diagnosis of breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema (BCRL) is of great importance for longstanding treatment results. Tissue dielectric constant (TDC) and bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) both have a potential for early diagnosis, but have not been compared. Methods and Results: One hundred women, treated for breast cancer with breast surgery, axillary dissection, and radiothe

Acute treatment with 17β-estradiol provides effective neuroprotection during the first days after acute brain injury, however, effects of chronic activation of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) on recovery of function after experimental stroke have not been investigated. The present study, therefore, was conducted to test if delayed treatment with the specific ERβ ligand 4-(1-phenyl-cyclohexyl)-phenol