Phage display technology has emerged as a leading approach to select proteins with improved properties for many different types of applications. The selection typically selects not only for improved binding properties but also for other factors such as efficiency of protein production and folding in Escherichia coli, the host in which the proteins and the phage are produced. Furthermore, the selec

The streaming instability is a promising mechanism to overcome the barriers in direct dust growth and lead to the formation of planetesimals. Most previous studies of the streaming instability, however, were focused on a local region of a protoplanetary disk with a limited simulation domain such that only one filamentary concentration of solids has been observed. The characteristic separation betw

Hassles and uplifts, a concept used in measuring daily stress events, was applied to working mothers' everyday life. The aim was to explore the stability in working mothers' experiences in patterns of daily occupations, operationalized as hassles and uplifts, between the year 2000 (baseline) and the year 2005 (follow-up). Further, the intention was to reveal possible differences in the number, ori

A short and efficient total synthesis of rac-desoxygaliellalactone and (+)-desoxygaliellalactone, via the biosynthetic intermediate pregaliellalactone, is described. The synthesis was achieved in only three steps, for (+)-desoxygaliellalactone including an enantioselective alkyl propiolate addition to 4-pentenal, a palladium catalysed alkylative lactonisation and an intramolecular Diels-Alder cycl

Popular Abstract in Swedish Den här avhandlingen innehåller fyra uppsatser som på ett eller annat sätt relaterar till befolkningsströmningar såsom dess ekonomiska konsekvenser och orsaker. I den första uppsatsen används en hushållsundersökning från Kina för att undersöka huruvida utbildning bidrar till att höja inkomsterna hos hushåll i jordbrukssektorn. Genom regressionsanalys uppmäts korrelatioAbstract Population movements are more substantial today than at any other point in human history. If managed effectively, migration can be beneficial for all aspects of social and economic life. This thesis contains four papers, all of which are related to the economic consequences and determinants of migration, within and across countries. The first paper employs a household survey to explore

Novel magneto-resistive memory effect is demonstrated, which appears in lithographically patterned Y-shaped, three-terminal nanostructures, consisting of three nanowires joined in one point, formed in the epitaxial layer of a ferromagnetic (Ga, Mn) As semiconductor. The effect, in which the zero-field resistance of a pair of nanowires depends on the direction of the previously applied magnetic fie

The distinction between the agent-relative and the agent-neutral plays a prominent role in recent attempts to taxonomize normative theories. Its importance extends to most areas in practical philosophy, though. Despite its popularity, the distinction remains difficult to get a good grip on. In part this has to do with the fact that there is no consensus concerning the sort of objects to which we s

In this study the cutting tool temperature that develops during rough turning of hardened cold-work tool steel is modelled on the basis of experimental data. The data obtained from a series of thermocouples, placed on a PCBN insert, into an anvil, and into a toolholder, were used as the input for the model. An inverse problem was solved, where the heat fluxes and heat transfer coefficients were co

Using a new concept—the law of the limit to land productivity—this article builds a three (physical, economic, and institutional) worlds’ land-use model with inverse logics of different development stages in a time perspective: before, in, and after the population trap. This model extends the span of the Malthusian population model to history after the Industrial Revolution and makes static proper

We performed a detailed study of the ratio of low-alpha to high-alpha stars in the Galactic halo as observed by the Gaia-ESO Survey. Using a sample of 381 metal-poor stars from the second internal data release, we found that the value of this ratio did not show evidence of systematic trends as a function of metallicity, surface gravity, Galactic latitude, Galactic longitude, height above the Galac

The relation between information science and library science has been debated for decades, and even attempts at utilizing methods generally acknowledged as robust for the purpose of mapping research fields have yielded results with large variations. Therefore, a set of citation analyses was performed, comparing the results of analyses on information science and library science separately but also

This article discusses the advantages of the the Coherence Based Genealogical Method (CBGM), not only as a tool for reconstructing the text of the New Testament, but also for surveying the history of readings and for explaining textual changes. The CBGM promises to detect readings, which have emerged several times independently in the textual tradition. The method is applied to selected examples i

Increased APP (amyloid precursor protein) processing causes β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is unclear if it also affects sporadic Aβ accumulation. We tested healthy controls and patients with mild cognitive symptoms (N=331) in the BioFINDER study, using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ40 as a surrogate for amyloidogenic APP processing. We find that l

In this article we present a downscaled laboratory setup emulating five natural guide stars, a layered static atmosphere and a 7.5-m aperture telescope equipped with dual-conjugate adaptive optics at a wavelength of 2.2 mum. Three reconstruction alternatives were evaluated; conventional adaptive optics, field-averaged conventional adaptive optics and dual-conjugate adaptive optics. The results wer

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Health-economic models of diabetes are complex since the disease is chronic, progressive and there are many diabetic complications. External validation of these models helps building trust and satisfies demands from decision makers. We evaluated the external validity of the IHE Cohort Model of Type 2 Diabetes; the impact of using alternative macrovascular risk equations; and compared the results t