Purpose: To study the appearance of bile in clinical MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with special reference to its chemical and physical properties. Material and Methods: Gallbladder bile was collected during surgery from 38 patients and studied with respect to chemical constituents. The relaxation rates 1/T1 and 1/T2 of bile were also determined in vitro . In 16 of these 38 patients, abdominal

An efficient and modular synthesis of a chiral, amphiphilic, and fluorescent macrocycle is described. A bis-acetylene was prepared by coupling the amino group of a sugar delta-amino acid with a glutamic acid propargylic amide derivative, followed by coupling of the sugar delta-amino acid carboxy group with a glutamic acid propiolyl amide. The bis-acetylene was reacted with 9,10-bis(azidomethyl)ant

High-resolution, angle-resolved resonant Auger electron spectra of the NO molecule in the regions of both N and O 1s --> 2pi core electron excitations are presented. A large number of vibrational final states are resolved due to high energy resolution. Calculations based on lifetime vibrational interference (LVI) theory neglecting interference between different electronic intermediate states and b

In this paper, we describe the commutant of an arbitrary subalgebra A of the algebra of functions on a set X in a crossed product of A with the integers, where the latter act on A by a composition automorphism defined via a bijection of X. The resulting conditions which are necessary and sufficient for A to be maximal abelian in the crossed product are subsequently applied to situations where thes

PURPOSE: To analyze the morphology of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and to study the usefulness of spiral computed tomography (CT) versus digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the evaluation of patients for endovascular repair. METHODS: Of 133 AAA patients (120 men, mean age 67 years, range 52 to 84) evaluated preoperatively with CT imaging, 77 endograft candidates (68 men) were also assess

We compared the efficacy of the Medoff sliding plate (MSP) with 3 other screw-plate systems for fixation of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in a randomized multicenter trial of 569 elderly patients. The MSP has biaxial dynamic capacity along both the neck and the shaft of the femur unlike the other systems, which lack dynamic capacity along the shaft. 268 fractures were operated on with the M

HCCI combustion is well known and much results regarding its special properties have been published. Publications comparing the performance of different HCCI engines and comparing HCCI engines to conventional engines have indicated special features of HCCI engines regarding, among other things, emissions, efficiency and special feedback-control requirements. This paper attempts to contribute to th

An unlimited number of proteolytic reactions are carried out by enzymes in biological systems. These enzymes are a necessity of life, but they can also be dangerous if they are not controlled. Protease inhibitors regulate proteolytic enzymes by interacting and forming complexes with them, thereby preventing the substrate from gaining access to the active site of the enzyme. We have recently identi

We establish the local well-posedness for a new nonlinearly dispersive wave equation and we show that the equation has solutions that exist for indefinite times as well as solutions which blowup in finite time. Furthermore, we derive an explosion criterion for the equation and we give a sharp estimate from below for the existence time of solutions with smooth initial data.

The aim of this study was to analyze the composition of sway in adults and "healthy" elderly people and to evaluate the influence of vibration sensation and asymmetric vestibular function on the sway pattern. Ten adults with a mean age of 37.5 years and 40 healthy senior citizens with a mean age of 74.6 years living independently in the community were studied. Vibration-induced body sway was measu

PURPOSE: To determine the relevance of popliteal dilatations, knowledge of the normal popliteal artery diameter is essential. This study investigates the diameter of the popliteal artery in healthy males and females. METHODS: We measured the diameter of the popliteal artery in 121 healthy volunteers (59 males and 62 females), ages 8 to 81, with echo-tracking B-mode ultrasonography. We analyzed the

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling beskriver hur fluorescens kan användas inom biomedicinområdet. Fluorescens är ett fenomen, som uppstår när molekyler absorberar inkommande ljus och sedan återutsänder ljus som har längre våglängd än det inkommande ljuset, och därför lägre energi, då en del av det absorberade ljuset omvandlats till värme i det omkringliggande mediet. I mänsklig vävnad fiThe main theme of this thesis is the use of fluorescence spectroscopy in biomedicine. The work presented in the thesis can be divided into three areas of applications. The first area involves the use of fluorescence to find the location of a deeply situated fluorophore within turbid media. Fluorescence emitted from the fluorophore will be attenuated when propagating through the medium, due to the

The budding yeast species Saccharomyces castellii has provided important new insights into molecular evolution when incorporated in comparative genomics studies and studies of mitochondrial inheritage. Although it shows some diversity in the specific molecular details, several analyses have shown that it contains many genetic pathways similar to those of S. cerevisiae. Here we have investigated th

Local-box hydrodynamical model atmospheres provide statistical information about the spatial dependence, as well as temporal evolution, of a star's emergent radiation field. Here, we consider late-type stellar atmospheres for which temporal changes of the radiative output are primarily related to convective (granular) surface flows. We derived relations for evaluating the granulation-induced, disk