The Internet Low Bit-rate Coder (iLBC) is now widely used for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications. Unlike speech coders such as those based on Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP), the iLBC achieves superior robustness to packet loss by avoiding inter-frame coding dependencies. While robustness to packet loss is essential, a VoIP codec should also possess the flexibility to change it

In a case-control study at two country hospitals in Sweden, 110 consecutive postmenopausal women (age 50-75) with distal radius fracture were examined with the DXA-technique, on the injured radius, lumbar spine, and the right hip within three weeks after the fracture occurrence. Data was compared with 55 age-matched controls from The Swedish Population Register. The incidence of osteoporosis accor

The difference between the resolvents of two selfadjoint extensions of a certain symmetric operator A is described by Krein's resolvent formula. We will prove an analog of Krein's formula in a general framework, apply it to extensions theory, and give a straightforward proof of Krein's formula including the case that A is not necessarily densely defined. We will also present a modification of Krei

In this paper an extension of the q-deformed Volterra equation associated with linear rescaling to the general non-linear rescaling is obtained.

Although long-acting inhaled beta(2)-agonists improve various outcome measures in COPD, no double-blind study has yet shown a significant effect of these drugs on exercise capacity. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, patients received formoterol (4.5,9, or 18 mug b.i.d via Turbuhaler(R)), ipratroplum bromide (80 mug t.i.d via pMDI with spacer), or placebo for I wee

We present experiments on field-free molecular alignment of N-2 and CO2 probed with short XUV pulses that are obtained via high-harmonic generation. The XUV pulses induce a dissociative ionization or a Coulomb explosion of the molecule, where the fragment ion recoil (measured using the velocity map imaging technique) provides information on the alignment of the parent molecule at the time of ioniz

The enzymatic hydrolysis process can be used to produce bioethanol from softwood, which are the dominating raw material in the Northern hemisphere. This thesis deals with the development of the process focusing on the pretreatment and the enzymatic hydrolysis stages. The influence of pretreatment conditions on sugar yield, and the effect of inhibitors on the ethanol yield, were investigated for s

Cognitive explanations of autism often involve higher order cognitive functions developing late in childhood, such as theory of mind, executive functions or central coherence. In home videos of infants later diagnosed with autism, children display early signs of developmental disorders, for example impaired sensorimotor functions, attention to social and non-social stimuli and a lack of circadian

Abstract is not available

A peripheral nerve injury has a profound impact on the patient’s life and such an injury causes high costs for society. A peripheral nerve injury is a very complex injury because it involves both peripheral and central components of the nervous system all the way from targets at muscle and skin receptors up to the brain. In the neuron and its supporting cells—mainly Schwann cells—there are numerou

We present a new technique, based on pulse-echo ultrasound, for monitoring the entire setting process of injectable bone cement. This research has been motivated by the lack of satisfying standards. The main problem with existing standards is the subjectivity, which leads to poor reproducibility. Because of this the results are not comparable between different research groups. A strong advantage w

The processes of multiplication of electronic excitations (MEE), connected with the creation of secondary excitons or electron-hole (e-h) pairs by hot conduction electrons, are realized in wide-gap metal halides and oxides. In oxides, secondary e-h pairs can be also formed by 27-40 eV photons due to L 1 VV Auger transitions (with the participation of 2s oxygen holes). The excitation spectra of lum

In Sweden the use of wooden boards and sca’boards as binding material was custom until the middle of the 19th century. Sca’boards are found in all kinds of more or less expensive bindings with different covering materials; silk, parchment, leather and paper. During the 19th century they were mainly used in simple and cheap retail bindings destined for the peasantry. In this article the reasons for

A new 250 MeV energy electron pulse-stretcher mode is designed where the MAX I ring is injected from a new linac system (Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 490 (2002) 592). For the new slow extraction, we will try to achieve a lower emittance in the extraction plane by using a different extraction method. Injection and slow extraction are simulated.

Using a frequency-chirped ring dye laser, we have stored and recalled as much as 48 bits of information with the copropagating stimulated-echo geometry on the H-3(4)-D1(2) transition in Pr3+:YAlO3. Since the copropagating excitation scheme has all the excitation pulses spatially overlapping, this technique will be useful to the practical implementation of stimulated-echo memory because there is no

This paper describes the application and evaluation of a competitive enzyme flow injection immunoassay (EFIIA) for screening of alkylphenol ethoxylate (APEO) surfactants in different water samples based on a generic immunoassay system previously developed ( see E. Burestedt, C Nistor, U. Schagerlof and J. Emneus, Anal. Chem., 2000, 72, 4171 - 4177). The detection limits for octylphenol ethoxylates