Cows produce saliva in very large quantities to lubricate and facilitate food processing. Estimates indicate an amount of 50–150 L per day. Human saliva has previously been found to contain numerous antibacterial components, such as lysozyme, histatins, members of the S-100 family and lactoferrin, to limit pathogen colonization. Cows depend on a complex microbial community in their digestive syste

Background: In animal models, early initiation of therapeutic cooling, intra-arrest, or restored circulation has been shown to be neuroprotective shortly after cardiac arrest. We aimed to assess the feasibility and cooling efficacy of transnasal evaporative cooling, initiated as early as possible after hospital arrival in patients randomized to cooling in the TTM2 trial. Methods: This study took t

This paper explores how three cognitive and perceptual cues, vocal iconicity, resemblance-based mappings between form and meaning, and segment position and lexical stress, interact to affect word formation and language processing. The study combines an analysis of the word-internal positions that iconic segments occur in based on data from 245 language families with an experimental study in which

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders include more than 150 different conditions affecting joints, muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and the spine. To capture all health loss from death and disability due to musculoskeletal disorders, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) includes a residual musculoskeletal category for conditions other than osteoarthritis, rheuma

OBJECTIVE: Digital self-management programs are increasingly used in the management of osteoarthritis (OA). Little is known about heterogeneous patterns in response to these programs. We describe weekly pain trajectories of people with knee or hip OA over up to 52-week participation in a digital self-management program.METHODS: Observational cohort study among participants enrolled between January

Epigenetic dysregulation may influence disease progression. Here we explore whether epigenetic alterations in human pancreatic islets impact insulin secretion and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In islets, 5,584 DNA methylation sites exhibit alterations in T2D cases versus controls and are associated with HbA1c in individuals not diagnosed with T2D. T2D-associated methylation changes are found in enhancers

Human brain size changes dynamically through early development, peaks in adolescence, and varies up to 2-fold among adults. However, the molecular genetic underpinnings of interindividual variation in brain size remain unknown. Here, we leveraged postmortem brain RNA sequencing and measurements of brain weight (BW) in 2,531 individuals across three independent datasets to identify 928 genome-wide

To describe trends and identify maternal and pregnancy predictive risk factors for having a compensated claim for a maternal injury during delivery, as a proxy for having received suboptimal care. This nationwide retrospective cohort study included 1 754 869 births in Sweden between 2000 and 2016, including 4488 maternal injury claims filed with The National Swedish Patient Insurance Company (Löf)

In this study, the long-term mortality effects associated with exposure to PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 10 µm), PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 2.5 µm), BC (black carbon), and NOx (nitrogen oxides) were analyzed in a cohort in southern Sweden during the period from 1991 to 2016. Participants (those residing in Malmö, S

LRRK2-G2019S is one of the most common Parkinson’s disease (PD)-associated mutations and has been shown to alter microglial functionality. However, the impact of LRRK2-G2019S on transcriptional profile of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia-like cells (iMGLs) and how it corresponds to microglia in idiopathic PD brain is not known. Here we demonstrate that LRRK2-G2019S carrying iM

The lead arrangers of syndicated loans often have lending relationships with the borrowers, while other lenders participating in the syndicate largely engage in an arm’s length transaction. Relatively little is known about how these relationships affect the shares of syndicated loans that the lead arrangers retain in their portfolio. Using a random sample of 10,328 syndicated loans made to 7316 no

This study focusses on the fragmented remains of unburnt reindeer skeletal elements found at three Stállo foundations and a hearth at Adámvallda in inland northern Sweden and Sápmi. Stállo foundations are usually identified as Sámi settlement sites for reindeer hunters or as the remains of an early Sámi pastoral society; however, the finds are scarce and often fragmented. In this study, I aim to s

Perioperative hyponatremia, due to non-osmotic release of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin, is a serious electrolyte disorder observed in connection with many types of surgery. Since blood loss during surgery contributes to the pathogenesis of hyponatremia, we explored the effect of bleeding on plasma sodium using a controlled hypotensive hemorrhage pig model. After 30-min baseline pe

The early career professionals in the field of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) face unique challenges and hurdles while establishing their careers in the field. The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) has expanded the role of the early career section within the society to foster the careers of future CMR leaders. This paper aims to describe the obstacles and available oppo

Age is a commonly used criterion in social work, whether for entry and exit or for decisions about the appropriate measures for clients. This study introduces the concept of age logics in social work and investigates the use of age in ‘wet’ eldercare facilities. Wet eldercare facilities are harm reduction arrangements open to people over the age of 50 with long-term substance misuse. No treatment Age is a commonly used criterion in social work, whether for entry and exit or for decisions about the appropriate measures for clients. This study introduces the concept of age logics in social work and investigates the use of age in ‘wet’ eldercare facilities. Wet eldercare facilities are harm reduction arrangements open to people over the age of 50 with long-term substance misuse. No treatment

Norrbotten region is one of the most sparsely populated areas in Europe, with often long distances to services. This paper aims to gain a deeper understanding of the everyday mobilities in later life in rural areas, and to assess to what extent digital service solutions (DiSS) can contribute to reduced accessibility poverty. The study focuses on how DiSS contribute to more equitable accessibility

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects 50 million people worldwide. The immune system plays a major role in the pathogenesis of AD. Several retrospective analyses have reported a decreased risk of AD and other dementias in bladder cancer patients treated with immunotherapy in the form of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) bladder instillations. We tested this hypothesis in a Swedish population-ba

BACKGROUND: There are few data on outcomes after reintervention for persistent or recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The authors hypothesized that the variation in outcomes at the hospital level after reoperation would be significant. After accounting for this variability, some patient-level clinical criteria could be identified to help inform treatment decisions in this patient populat

The implementation of sputter-deposited TiOx as an electron transport layer in nonfullerene acceptor-based organic photovoltaics has been shown to significantly increase the long-term stability of devices compared to conventional solution-processed ZnO due to a decreased photocatalytic activity of the sputtered TiOx. In this work, we utilize synchrotron-based photoemission and absorption spectrosc

Introduction: In gender-skewed conditions such as Graves’ disease (GD), the outcome naturally becomes dominated by the majority. This may lead to gender-biased misunderstandings regarding treatment outcomes. This especially holds true when complications, such as depression, are unevenly distributed. We have, therefore, studied the long-term outcome of GD from a gender perspective. Materials and Me