Downsizing is a phenomenon that remarkably seldom has been the subject of historical inquiry. This study investigates how a state-owned enterprise, the Swedish Tobacco Monopoly, reduced its labour inputs because of changed consumer preferences and mechanization in the 1920s and 1930s. By combining qualitative and quantitative evidence, the study addresses questions about the ways of achieving redu

Implicit group messaging (IGM) is a decoupled messaging paradigm for connecting content publishers and consumers over the Internet. Unlike traditional multicast or publish/subscribe messaging, IGM delivers content to “implicit groups” of consumers with characteristics specified by the publisher at the time of publication. IGM systems must support thousands of users and an infinite number of implic

Soil disturbance is recognized as an important driver of biodiversity in dry grasslands, and can therefore be implemented as a restoration measure. However, because community re-assembly following disturbance includes stochastic processes, a focus only on species richness or establishment success of particular species will not inform on how plant communities respond ecologically to disturbance. We

Insects face the challenge of integrating multi-sensory information to control their flight. Here we study a 'streamlining' response in honeybees, whereby honeybees raise their abdomen to reduce drag. We find that this response, which was recently reported to be mediated by optic flow, is also strongly modulated by the presence of air flow simulating a head wind. The Johnston's organs in the anten

Box jellyfish (Cubomedusae) are visually orientating animals which posses a total of 24 eyes of 4 morphological types; 2 pigment cup eyes (pit eye and slit eye) and 2 lens eyes [upper lens-eye (ule) and lower lens-eye (lle)]. In this study, we use electroretinograms (ERGs) to explore temporal properties of the two lens eyes. We find that the ERG of both lens eyes are complex and using sinusoidal f

We applied a hybrid approach to estimate the benchmark dose (BMD) and the lower 95% confidence limit (BMDL) for cadmium-induced bone effects in a population with low environmental exposure. Morning urine samples were collected by 794 Swedish women, aged 53-64 years, participating in a population-based study We measured urinary cadmium (U-Cd), a marker of long-term exposure, and bone mineral densit

This paper proposes a closed-loop propofol admission strategy for depth of hypnosis control in anesthesia. A population-based, robustly tuned controller brings the patient to a desired level of hypnosis. The novelty lies in individualizing the controller once a stable level of hypnosis is reached. This is based on the identified patient parameters and enhances suppression of output disturbances, r

Electronic and vibrational dephasing dynamics of Rhodamine 800 has been studied with 3PEPS. With careful analysis, the S-factors of the vibrational modes can be accurately determined. The vibrational dephasing rate displays abnormal frequency dependence.

This is a study of two recently opened exhibitions on prehistoric times at the national museums of Denmark and Sweden respectively. It is argued that the contents of the exhibitions explicitly mirror the present discussions and political climates in each country. As a means of taking part of present times in these versions of the past, the exhibitions are extremely well suited for the purpose. In

Background: This phase II study evaluated the safety and activity of ipilimumab, a fully human mAb that blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, in patients with advanced melanoma. Patients and methods: Patients with previously treated, unresectable stage III/stage IV melanoma received 10 mg/kg ipilimumab every 3 weeks for four cycles (induction) followed by maintenance therapy every 3 months. The

Populärvetenskaplig artikel om Finland under andra världskriget.

Ethnologists like to think of themselves as masters of the study of the everyday, but we still know surprising little how this mundane machinery works. Everyday life remains something of a black box, our understanding is still piecemeal and fragmented. This paper explores cohabitation and circulation of objects, affects and activities in the home - seen as a workshop where raw materials, raw feeli

Inbreeding depression is a key factor influencing mating system evolution in plants, but current understanding of its relationship with selfing rate is limited by a sampling bias with few estimates for self-incompatible species. We quantified inbreeding depression () over two growing seasons in two populations of the self-incompatible perennial herb Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea in Scandinavia.

Aims: The general objective was to further elucidate thromboembolic disease in children and thereby help improve the care of these patients. More specific aims were as follows: to determine what children are affected by thrombosis; to discern any gender or age differences related to thrombosis; to identify prothrombotic risk factors; to ascertain whether autoantibodies against coagulation proteins