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Boronate-containing polymer brushes were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) and N-acryloyl-m-phenylboronic acid (NAAPBA) (9:1) on the surface of 3-mercaptopropyl-silylated glass plates and capillaries. The brushes were characterized with time-of-flight secondary ion mass-spectrometry (ToF SIMS), atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. Fruc

A computer program, ARAGORN, identifies tRNA and tmRNA genes. The program employs heuristic algorithms to predict tRNA secondary structure, based on homology with recognized tRNA consensus sequences and ability to form a base-paired cloverleaf. tmRNA genes are identified using a modified version of the BRUCE program. ARAGORN achieves a detection sensitivity of 99% from a set of 1290 eubacterial, e

The objective of this study was to evaluate different methodologies with regard to their ability to extract the amorphous silica (ASi) content of soils from diverse geochemical settings. The methods used in this work included three acid extraction techniques (oxalate, citrate and acetate) and two alkaline extraction techniques (sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide) which are more commonly used fo

Objective: Cytokine-induced recruitment of leukocytes is an early feature during arterial injury and atherosclerotic plaque formation. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of the beta(2)-integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA- 1; CD11a/CD18) in cytokine-triggered firm leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelium in vivo. Material and Methods: Intravital fluorescence microsco

In a systematic study, we investigate the effect of dopant level and hydration on the short-range structure of the proton-conducting perovskite-type oxide BaInxZr1-xO3-x/2 (x = 0 - 0.75), using infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the doping leads to significant local distortions of the average cubic structure of these materials. By increasing the In concentration from x = 0 to x

An initial-boundary value problem to a system of nonlinear partial differential equations, which consists of a hyperbolic and a parabolic part, is taken into consideration. The problem is discretised by a compact finite difference method. An approximation of the numerical solution is constructed, at which the difference scheme is linearised. Nonlinear convergence is proved using the stability of t

Animals living in environments of different quality will have different expectations of their future reproductive success and survival. This may affect the individual's risk-taking behaviour as manifest in the cost of predation. We investigated the foraging behaviour of starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, when perceived predation risk varied between patches. Short-term food availability varied between tr

1. Sexual selection has been studied intensively, and is often strong in natural populations. Theoretical models, comparative studies and laboratory selection experiments all suggest that evolution driven by sexual selection should be rapid and common. 2. However, there are relatively few documented cases of the contemporary evolution of secondary sexual traits in natural populations. Moreover, th

Two novel vanadium complexes, [V(IV)O(bp-O)(HSO4)] (1) and [V(IV)O(bp-OH)Cl2] x CH3OH (2 x CH3OH), where bp-OH is 2-{[bis(pyrid-2-yl)methyl]amine}methylphenol, were prepared and structurally characterised. EPR spectra of methanol solutions of 2 suggest exchange of Cl- for CH3OH and partial conversion to [VO(bp-OH)(CH3OH)3]2+. Speciation studies on the VO2+-bpOH system in a water/dmso mixture (4:1

Both anions and cations are mobile and carry the electrical charge in most polymer electrolytes. A single ion conductor with purely cationic conduction can be realized by incorporation of the anion into the polymer chain. In order to obtain pure lithium ion conductors we prepared two types of graft copolymers, namely poly(amide 12-graft-ethylene oxide) and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol-gr aft-eth

The concentrations of the monoamine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (HMPG) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with clinical frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 30), early onset Alzheimer's disease (EAD; n = 33), late onset Alzheimer's disease (LAD, n = 27) and normal controls (n = 31) were determined using HPLC. A

There is a potential to increase the annual use of biomass in Sweden by 125 TWh between 1994 and 2015. 125 TWh of biomass would satisfy most of the transportation-fuel demand in Sweden in 2015. Even if the biomass is primarily used for heat and electricity production, a significant fraction will be available for transportation-fuel production, if other non-fossil energy sources are utilized for el

The primary granules/secretory lysosomes of neutrophils store mature neutrophil elastase (NE) as a luminal protein after proteolytic removal of N-terminal and C-terminal pro-peptides from a proform of NE. The N-terminal pro-peptide prevents premature activation that might be toxic to the cell, but the C-terminal pro-peptide has no defined function. In this study, we investigated the role of the C-

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder in humans that is characterised by multisystemic vascular dyplasia and recurrent haemorrhage. Germline mutations in one of two different genes, endoglin or ALK1 can cause HHT. Both are members of the transforming growth factor (TGF) beta receptor family of proteins, and are expressed primarily on the surface of endothel