Semiconductor-based single-electron transistors have been fabricated using heterostructure nanowire growth, by introducing a double barrier of InP into InAs nanowires. From electrical measurements, we observe a charging energy of 4 meV for the approximately 55 nm diameter and 100 nm long InAs islands between the InP barriers. The Coulomb blockade can be periodically lifted as a function of gate vo

Long-term training of breath-hold diving reduces the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR), an index of the CO(2) sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether also short-term apnea training (repeating apneas with short intervals) reduces the HCVR, thereby being one contributing factor explaining the progressively increasing breath-holding time (BHT) with repetition of apnea

Early gastric cancer (EGC) is defined as a carcinoma limited to the mucosa or mucosa and submucosa, irrespective of whether metastasis to lymph nodes has occurred. EGC presents a much more favorable prognosis than advanced gastric carcinoma (AGC), with a 5-year survival rate between 88% and 96% for EGC versus 45% to 50% for AGC. Moreover, some gastric cancers appear as a more or less extended EGC

The effects of salt, temperature, and deuterium oxide on the self-aggregation of n-tetradecyl-beta-D-maltoside (C(14)G(2)) in dilute solution have been investigated by static light scattering, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), tensiometry, and capillary viscometry. SANS data show that the micelles can be described as relatively flexible polymer-like micelles wi

Elevated basal insulin secretion under fasting conditions together with insufficient stimulated insulin release is an important hallmark of type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms controlling basal insulin secretion remain unclear. Membrane rafts exist in pancreatic islet cells and spatially organize membrane ion channels and proteins controlling exocytosis, which may contribute to the regulation of i

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a rare, aggressive disorder constituting 1% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is more common, accounting for 30% of malignant lymphoma. Standard treatment for adult BL and for certain subgroups of patients with DLBCL remains to be defined due to paucity of randomised trials performed. The focus in this thesis lies on the effect of prognosti

Harmonic periods have wide applicability in industrial real-time systems. Rate monotonic (RM) is able to schedule task sets with harmonic periods up to 100% utilization. Also, if there is no release jitter and execution time variation, RM and EDF generate the same schedule for each instance of a task. This property decreases the jitters which happen during sampling and actuation of the tasks, and

A chemically defined diet is a useful tool for the study of nutritional physiology of organisms. We have developed such a diet for Camponotus carpenter ants to facilitate experiments on nutritional requirements of these ants. Worker colonies of Camponotus floridanus were fed with a chemically defined diet, containing all essential minerals, amino acids, vitamins, growth factors and sucrose in an a

Objectives. The Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (NORCAAD) is a collaborative effort of Nordic cardiac surgery centers to study acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Here, we outline the overall objectives and the design of NORCAAD. Design. NORCAAD currently consists of eight centers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden. Data was collected for patients undergoing surgery f

The Late Ludlow topmost Hemse-Burgsvik succession includes more substantial and more rapid facies changes than most older and younger intervals on Gotland. A revised conodont zonation for this interval includes three zones, the Polygnathoides siluricus, the Icriodontid, and the Ozarkodina snajdri zones and four subzones, the Upper P. siluricus, the Lower, the Middle and the Upper Icriodonfid subzo

The oxyntic mucosa of the rat stomach is rich in ECL cells which produce and secrete histamine in response to gastrin. Histamine and the histamine-forming enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC) have been claimed to occur also in the gastrin-secreting G cells in the antrum. In the present study, we used a panel of five HDC antisera and one histamine antiserum to investigate whether histamine and HDC

The relevance of the intrinsic subtypes for clinical management of metastatic breast cancer is not comprehensively established. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic significance of drifts in tumor molecular subtypes during breast cancer progression. A well-annotated cohort of 304 women with advanced breast cancer was studied. Tissue microarrays of primary tumors and synchronous lymph

Food web links reflect the feeding rate of organisms and should thus capture the biomass production rate of the consumer. This information is rarely available for detrital food webs and has instead been inferred from biomass estimates to construct quantitative detrital food webs. Published method comparisons between biomass, growth and mineralisation show that microbial biomass is a poor predictor

The surface sensitivity of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has positioned the technique as a routine analysis tool for chemical and electronic structure information. Samples ranging from ideal model systems to industrial materials can be analyzed. Instrumentational developments in the past two decades have popularized ambient pressure XPS, with pressures in the tens of mbar now commonplace.

Position controlled nanowire growth is important for nanowire-based optoelectronic components which rely on light emission or light absorption. For solar energy harvesting applications, dense arrays of nanowires are needed; however, a major obstacle to obtaining dense nanowire arrays is seed particle displacement and coalescing during the annealing stage prior to nanowire growth. Here, we explore

The major route for the synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) in yeast as well as in all TAG-accumulating organisms has been suggested to occur via the acylation of diacylglycerol (DAG) by acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DAGAT). Genes encoding DAGAT have been identified in both plant and animal tissues. These genes show strong sequence similarities to genes encoding acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl