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Towards optimal content replication and request routing in content delivery networks

Cooperative content replication and request routing (C2R3) has emerged as a promising technique to enhance the efficiency of content delivery networks (CDN). Most existing approaches to C2R3 focus on efficient bandwidth usage and assume a hierarchical CDN architecture targeted towards the delivery of specific content types (e.g., video). Therefore, C2R3 problem of covering the broad range of conte

The Technology and Economy of Farm-Scale, High-Solids Anaerobic Digestion of Plant Biomass

Anaerobic digestion is a microbially mediated process occurring in nature in the absence of oxygen and other non-carbonaceous electron acceptors. The majority of the carbon of the organic matter degraded in the process is transformed into carbon dioxide and methane. Most of the energy potential of the degraded material is conserved in the methane, thus providing a renewable energy carrier, which c

The evolution of photosynthesis and its environmental impact

Photosynthesis in plants is a very complicated process, utilizing two photosystems in series to carry out the very energy-demanding process of oxidizing water to molecular oxygen and reducing carbon dioxide to organic compounds. The first photosynthetic organisms, living more than 3.4, perhaps even 3.8 Ga, i.e. American billion (109) years ago, carried out a simpler process, without oxygen product

Turbocharging to extend HCCI Operating Range in a Multi Cylinder Engine- Benefits and Limitations

In the last decade there has been interest in Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition- HCCI as a way to increase the efficiency of the gasoline engine. The attractive properties are increased fuel efficiency due to reduced throttling losses, increased expansion ratio and higher thermodynamic efficiency. The main drawback of HCCI is the absence of direct combustion timing control. Therefore all the

Blandade känslor: fruktan och förtröstan förr och nu

Mixed feelings: fear and consolation now and then (from the 17th to the 21st century). In Early Modern Swedish society a great amount of ideas, words and images were available to explain the earthly suffering. In the Lutheran practice of preaching, consolation, besides instruction and admonition, played an important role. Today, our life is not as hard as our ancestors’ was. This has enabled us to