Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are popular in vivo gene transfer vehicles. However, vector doses needed to achieve therapeutic effect are high and some target tissues in the central nervous system remain difficult to transduce. Gene therapy trials using AAV for the treatment of neurological disorders have seldom led to demonstrated clinical efficacy. Important contributing factors are

A great deal of literature has analyzed the relationship between warfare and state capacity in late-modern and contemporary times. While there is a consensus regarding the significant impact of mass warfare on fiscal expansion during the twentieth century, the interplay between warfare and fiscal capacity in the nineteenth century remains disputed. This paper sheds light on this issue by making us

The flux during membrane filtration can be enhanced by the use of a two-phase gas–liquid flow. This has been shown to be an energy-efficient alternative to increasing the cross-flow velocity. In this work, air sparging was used to increase the flux during ultrafiltration of alkali-extracted wheat bran hemicelluloses. Batch filtration was performed in a pilot unit with a ceramic ultrafiltration mem

In order to increase the use of sustainable energy in Sweden, it is necessary to substitute fossil energy carriers with renewable counterparts. Synthetic natural gas (SNG) produced from renewable resources via biomass gasification and methanation could replace a proportion of the natural gas used in Sweden. In order to facilitate the implementation and expansion of SNG production and use in Sweden

This report summarizes evacuation experiments performed in a Virtual Reality environment. The experiments are performed in a subway station equipped with evacuation elevators. This study is the second step in the process of ensuring the function of new evacuation solutions. The purpose of the study is to investigate if the exit choice in the subway station can be affected by technical way-finding

Here, we report a sol-gel integrated affinity microarray for on-chip matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), which enables capture and identification of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in samples. Protein microarray technologies, which involve miniaturizing spots of capture agents (such as antibody and aptamers) on a solid surface, enable multia

The question posed by this thesis is how limits can be constructed to the exercise of EU powers. While there are limits to the exercise of EU competences in the Treaties and in the Court of Justice’s jurisprudence, it is argued that those limits suffer from conceptual and practical problems. In particular, the Court does not have appropriate criteria to examine whether the limits of the Treaties h

Background: Although mindfulness-based group therapies (MGTs) for depressive, anxiety or stress and adjustment disorders are promising, there is a substantial lack of knowledge regarding the long-term improvements after such therapies in these common psychiatric disorders. Methods: Two hundred and fifteen patients were randomized in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT0147

The η-phase field of the Cu–In system is unusually rich and shows wealth of phases that are all related to the B8 (NiAs/Ni2In) type. Previous electron diffraction work has revealed extensive super structure ordering; in this study, we report single crystal diffraction experiments on high-quality samples of two of the phases in the system, ht1-Cu5In3 and ht2-Cu5In3. Both these phases constitute sup

Osteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and form upon stimulation of osteoclast precursors by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL). Osteoclasts resorb bone by secreting hydrochloric acid, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsin K. Failure of bone resorption or bone formation results in metabolic bone disOsteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and form upon stimulation of osteoclast precursors by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL). Osteoclasts resorb bone by secreting hydrochloric acid, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsin K. Failure of bone resorption or bone formation results in metabolic bone dis

Lung cancer accounts for 1.6 million cancers annually and 1.3 million deaths per year make the disease the deadliest type of cancer. Smoking is the most prominent cause. High mortality rates are partly due to late diagnosis which limits the therapy options. Improved understanding of molecular and biological mechanisms of tumor development could guide current therapy selection or pave way for novelLung cancer accounts for 1.6 million cancers annually and 1.3 million deaths per year make the disease the deadliest type of cancer. Smoking is the most prominent cause. High mortality rates are partly due to late diagnosis which limits the therapy options. Improved understanding of molecular and biological mechanisms of tumor development could guide current therapy selection or pave way for novel

Whereas extant research on trust in interorganizational relationships tends to focus on trust convergence – i.e. members of one focal firm developing similar trust perceptions toward a partner firm – we shift focus to trust divergence – i.e. members of one focal firm developing different trust perceptions toward a partner firm. To explore trust divergence, we conduct an inductive, longitudinal stu