An overview is given of serum and urine prostate cancer markers that are currently under investigation and subsequently the P-Mark project is introduced. There are many markers showing promise to overcome the limitations of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Eventually, these markers should be able to increase the specificity in diagnosis, differentiate between harmless and aggressive disease and id

The crystal structure of human cystatin C, a protein with amyloidogenic properties and a potent inhibitor of cysteine proteases, reveals how the protein refolds to produce very tight two-fold symmetric dimers while retaining the secondary structure of the monomeric form. The dimerization occurs through three-dimensional domain swapping, a mechanism for forming oligomeric proteins. The reconstitute

Automatic localisation of correspondences for the construction of Statistical Shape Models from examples has been the focus of intense research during the last decade. Several algorithms are available and benchmarking is needed to rank the different algorithms. Prior work has focused on evaluating the quality of the models produced by the algorithms by measuring compactness, generality and specifi

Immune system modulates atherosclerosis and immunization using homologous LDL reduces atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic animals. The nature of athero-protective antigenic epitopes in LDL remains unclear. We have recently identified nearly a 100 antigenic epilopes in human apo B-100 and in this study we evaluated the effects of immunization with two such epitopes on atherosclerosis in hypercholeste

PURPOSE: To determine the effective time window for MR imaging of tumors with blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage after injection of Gd-containing contrast media. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven patients with 15 brain lesions (metastasis, glioma, abscess) were studied with a T1-weighted spin-echo sequence repeated over periods of up to 43 min after contrast injection. A quotient was calculated between t

The possibility of using carriers made of recycled glass in anaerobic packed bed reactors has been studied in laboratory-scale experiments. Two types of carrier were studied: a porous bead of glass foam and an open ring of a smoother, sintered glass. The performance of processes with these carriers was compared with a conventional upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process. The treatment of wa

Abstract not available. Letter to the editor

Background. Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry is a routine method for fetal surveillance in high-risk pregnancy. Uterine artery Doppler seems to give comparable information, but it can be difficult to interpret as there are two arteries, which might show notching and/or increased pulsatility index (PI) as signs of increased vascular impedance. Combining the information on vascular resistance on

Axl belongs to a particular subfamily of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases, the biological ligand for which is the growth/survival factor Gas6. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms for Axl activation and signal transduction. We have previously identified a novel interaction between the intracellular domain of Axl and Ran binding protein in microtubule organising centre (Ra

A methodology for estimating the carbon balance across Scandinavian forests using remote sensing is presented. By estimating the gross primary production (GPP) and the ecosystem respiration (ER), and thereby, the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), using parameters that are routinely retrieved from satellite, it is possible to implement an operational model for obtaining large scale NEE. GPP is successf

Background: We chose a set of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate gene-environment interactions in three types of cancer that have been related to air pollution (lung, bladder and myeloid leukemia). Patients and methods: The study has been conducted as a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (409 cancer

Bacterial proteins that bind to the Fc part of IgG have found widespread use in immunology. A similar protein suitable for the isolation and detection of human IgA has not been described. Here, we show that a 50-residue synthetic peptide, designated streptococcal IgA-binding peptide (Sap) and derived from a streptococcal M protein, can be used for single-step affinity purification of human IgA. Hi

Background: Bloom syndrome (BS) is characterized by mutations within the BLM gene. The Bloom syndrome protein (BLM) has similarity to the RecQ subfamily of DNA helicases, which contain seven conserved helicase domains and share significant sequence and structural similarity with the Rep and PcrA DNA helicases. We modeled the three-dimensional structure of the BLM helicase domain to analyze the str

The antigens of the Cromer blood group system reside on decay accelerating factor (DAF), a protein belonging to the regulators of complement activation family. The blood group system consists of eight high-incidence antigens and three low-incidence antigens. The molecular basis for the antigens is known and, with the exception of IFC, each antigen is the product of a single nucleotide polymorphism

In time hopping impulse radio, N-f pulses of duration T. are transmitted for each information symbol. This gives rise to two types of processing gains: i) pulse combining gain, which is a factor N-f, and (ii) pulse spreading gain, which is N-c = T-f/T-c where T-f is the mean interval between two subsequent pulses. This paper investigates the tradeoff between these two types of processing gains in