In this paper we address the problem of routing optimization in IP networks. We assume that traffic is routed along the shortest paths computed with respect to administrative link metrics. Metrics are distributed in a network by open shortest path first (OSPF) or a similar routing protocol. If it happens that the shortest path is not unique then equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) load balancing principl

Popular Abstract in Swedish För att förstå på vilket sätt viktiga pollinerande insekter påverkas av det omgivande landskapets struktur och innehåll, har jag studerat populationer av humlor (fam. Bombus). Jag har också gjort en analys av sambandet mellan jordbruksintensitet of landskapets komplexitet. Mina studier har utförst i Skåne och jag har valt studieområden bl.a. baserat på hur stora åkrar oTo investigate recent declines in bumblebee populations, I carried out landscape analyses, made field studies of bumblebees, flowering plants and pollination in an agricultural region in southernmost Sweden. Studies were carried out in landscapes of contrasting agricultural intensity and land-cover configuration; "simple" landscapes highly dominated by large crop fields, and "complex" with mixed f

This chapter makes use of two data sources, terminological schemas for wine descriptions and actual wine reviews, for the investigation of how experiences of sensory perceptions of vision, smell, taste and touch are described. In spite of all the great challenges involved in describing perceptions, professional wine reviewers are expected to be able to give an understandable account of their exper

Cloud applications are often subject to unexpected events like flash crowds and hardware failures. Without a predictable behaviour, users may abandon an unresponsive application. This problem has been partially solved on two separate fronts: first, by adding a self-adaptive feature called brownout inside cloud applications to bound response times by modulating user experience, and, second, by intr

Data-model comparisons are a useful approach to elucidating the relative influence of past climate change on vegetation dynamics over various spatial global, regional, stand) and temporal (historical, geological) scales. Comparisons between changes in tree species abundance reconstructed from pollen and simulated from a forest gap model, for example, indicate that based solely on climate change ov

The paper discusses the performance of TINA (Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture). The TINA architecture allows both multiple service vendors and multiple network providers. It is developed by a consortium which includes network operators and telecommunication and computer equipment suppliers. The foundation of TINA is object orientation and distributed computing. A computationa

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