INTRODUCTION: Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of focal epilepsy, often associated with cognitive impairments, particularly in memory functions, and depression. Sex and APOE ε4 genotype play a crucial role in modulating cognitive outcomes and depression in various neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease. However, the combined effects of APOE genotype and sex on cognitive per

The ways in which we experience life through, with and around media constitutes creative practices in our daily routines. However, media use is in part associated with harmful effects, for example television viewing amongst children and young people (Livingstone 2009). Discourses around digital games have been echoing the same type of concerns, becoming one of the focal points of these struggles i

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Aims/hypothesisObservational studies indicate that type 2 diabetes mellitus and fasting glucose levels are associated with a greater risk for hip fracture, smaller bone area and higher bone mineral density (BMD). However, these findings may be biased by residual confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomisation (MR) utilises genetic variants as instruments for exposures in an attempt to a

The Swedish species of signiphorids (Chalcidoidea: Signiphoridae) are reviewed. Three species occur in the country, of which Clytina giraudi Erdös, 1957 is reported for the first time. Specimens of this species were reared from galls induced by Lipara lucens Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Chloropidae) on common reed (Phragmites australis). New province records for the other two species, Chartocerus subaen

Beads made from animal teeth were an important form ofdecoration among hunter-gatherer societies in Northern Europe.The analyses presented in this paper are based on questionsregarding the design of the beads, the choice of animal teeth,their placement on the costume, and the exchange of beads. Forthese analyses, two sites with partly different conditions have beenselected, one located in northernBeads made from animal teeth were an important form of decoration among hunter-gatherer societies in Northern Europe. The analyses presented in this paper are based on questions regarding the design of the beads, the choice of animal teeth, their placement on the costume, and the exchange of beads. For these analyses, two sites with partly different conditions have been selected, one located in no

BackgroundWe examined whether the inverse association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and hip fracture risk is mediated by incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and body mass index (BMI).MethodsWe included 50 755 men and women from the Cohort of Swedish Men and the Swedish Mammography Cohort who answered lifestyle and medical questionnaires in 1997 and 2008 (used for calculation of th

Men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have higher risk of hip fracture, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. We aimed to investigate how T2DM, glucose, and insulin were associated with femoral bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral area (BMA), and bone turnover markers. We used two cross-sectional cohorts: the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM, n = 452, mean age

It is presently unclear whether free serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (S 25(OH)D) better reflects bone health than total S 25(OH)D. We have previously shown that summer total S 25(OH)D values are more useful to predict bone mineral density (BMD) than winter values. Our objective was therefore to compare the relative importance of free and total S 25(OH)D for BMD by season. BMD was measured by dual energy

BackgroundThe impact of season when determining a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD) cut-off level for optimal bone health is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the relative importance of S-25OHD for bone mineral density (BMD) by season.MethodsA subcohort of 5002 Swedish women (mean age 68 years), randomly selected from a large population-based longitudinal cohort study with repeat dietary and lifes

This article provides an overview of the role mediation analyses play in causal inferencemethodology and in the estimation of the effect an exposure may have on an outcome throughdirect and indirect pathways. We discuss traditional approaches to mediation and where thesemay lead to bias, before discussing more advanced methods that can be used to overcome thesebiases in situations with single and

Eighteen lichen species, one lichenicolous and two allied fungi are reported for the first time for Latvia (Europe). Bryoria smithii, Heterodermia speciosa, Phaeophyscia pusilloides and Ramalina europaea are new records for the Baltic countries. Comments on habitats and substrates of new records are provided.

PurposeDual design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) takes into account both the opportunities and constraints of AM simultaneously, which research shows is more effective than considering them separately. Unlike existing reviews, this paper aims to map DfAM research within the engineering design process, focusing solely on studies adopting dual DfAM. Additionally, it aims to suggest future resear