The Papillomaviridae is a family of small, non-enveloped viruses with double-stranded DNA genomes of 5 748 to 8 607 bp. Their classification is based on pairwise nucleotide sequence identity across the L1 open reading frame. Members of the Papillomaviridae primarily infect mucosal and keratinised epithelia, and have been isolated from fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. Despite a long co-evolutiona

The selling or procuring of sexual services was never an uncontroversial part of the everyday exchange of goods and services in Western culture. Instead, it has been represented as a problem since (at least) the Middle Ages, and the problem descriptions have had different functions as the social, economic and cultural organisation of society was changing. Men selling sex to men, on the other hand,

The SPectrometer for Internal Conversion Electrons (SPICE) has been commissioned for use in conjunction with the TIGRESS γ-ray spectrometer at TRIUMF's ISAC-II facility. SPICE features a permanent rare-earth magnetic lens to collect and direct internal conversion electrons emitted from nuclear reactions to a thick, highly segmented, lithium-drifted silicon detector. This arrangement, combined with

Nanostructures are found everywhere in our environment, of either natural oranthropogenic origin. Volcanoes emit them, breakdown of plastic releases them, andthey are even produced in candlelight. Designed nanostructures are used in sunscreen,food products, electronics and many more readily available products. Still, there are alot of things we do not know about their behavior. To call them miniscThis thesis presents the results of studies done on various biomolecules and their interactions with nanomaterials. The biomolecule sources are everything from purified, single proteins to the complicated mixture of blood serum and cell culture media. Similarly, the nanomaterial sources vary from spherical titanium dioxide, gold, and polystyrene nanoparticles to novel nanowires of gallium arsenide

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are natural lipid transporter in human plasma whose chemically modified forms contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases accounting for a vast majority of deaths in westernized civilizations. For the development of new treatment strategies, it is important to have a detailed picture of LDL nanoparticles on a molecular basis. Through

Objectives: To identify the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida spp. among blood culture isolates to identify the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida spp. among blood culture isolates in Sweden. Methods: The study was a retrospective, observational nationwide laboratory-based surveillance for fungaemia and fungal meningitis and was conducted from September 2

All cities face a pressing challenge - how can they provide economic prosperity and social cohesion while achieving environmental sustainability? In response, new collaborations are emerging in the form of “urban living labs” (ULL) - sites devised to design, test and learn from social and technical innovation in real time. ULL are proliferating rapidly across cities internationally as one means th

This book has sought to advance the theorisation of the interface between experimentation, socio-technical transitions and the city, through an internationally comparative empirical analysis of ULL. This has been structured through three core elements. First, through a set of conceptually informed empirical case studies from Africa, Asia, Europe and North America, based on original empirical work

All cities face a pressing challenge - how can they provide economic prosperity and social cohesion while achieving environmental sustainability? In response, new collaborations are emerging in the form of urban living labs - sites devised to design, test and learn from social and technical innovation in real time. The aim of this volume is to examine, inform and advance the governance of sustaina

Urban experimentation has gained traction in cities all over the world as a way to find new, more sustainable ways to plan and develop cities. Interventions designed to address a diverse range of urban challenges bring innovative social and technical components together to learn by doing. Seen through this lens, the modernist planning that dominated the urban arena for much of the twentieth centur

Extracting microanatomical information beyond the image resolution of MRI would provide valuable tools for diagnostics and neuroscientific research. A number of mathematical models already suggest microstructural interpretations of diffusion MRI (dMRI) data. Examples of such microstructural features could be cell bodies and neurites, e.g. the axon's diameter or their orientational distribution for

Objectives: The aim is to estimate agreement between two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (2D-TVS) and three-dimensional volume contrast imaging (3D-VCI) in diagnosing deep myometrial invasion (MI) and cervical stromal involvement (CSI) of endometrial cancer and to compare the two methods regarding inter-rater reliability and diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Fifteen ultrasound experts assessed off