The so-called Substituted Judgment Standard is one of several competing principles on how certain health care decisions ought to be made for patients who are not themselves capable of making decisions of the relevant kind. It says that a surrogate decision-maker, acting on behalf of the patient, ought to make the decision the patient would have made, had the latter been competent. The most common

Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids that often are present in increased amounts on tumor cells. Since the gangliosides are hydroxy-acids, they can form lactones. The lactones have been suspected to be more immunogenic than the open forms, but are in practise poor immunogens due to their ease of hydrolysis. This thesis describes the synthesis of the hydrolytically stable lact

Two-photon-induced Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing, DFWM, was applied for the first time to the detection of CO, and NH3 molecules. Measurements were performed in a cell, and in atmospheric-pressure flames. In the cell measurements, the signal dependence on the pressure and on the laser beam intensity was studied. The possibility of simultaneous detection of NH3 and OH was investigated. Carbon monoxid

Affordable and competitive industrial automation is of key importance for small and medium enterprises, in Europe and elsewhere. A key factor is the introduction of new robot automation concepts that ease fast deployment and extend available task repertoire. The Gantry-Tau manipulator is a new robot concept. In contrast to other parallel kinematic manipulators (PKMs), it has a large working range.

Throughout the fall of 2006 and spring of 2007, more than 60 interviews were conducted on the topics of alliance and network building within the security industry. The interviews coupled with studies of academic research on the matter resulted in a number of pros and cons for alliance building as well as some general knowledge on the topic. The strongest facilitator for alliance building within th

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A frame of reference is presented intended to capture conditions that influence the usability of information technologies, primarily computers, in a society. The frame of reference includes four components that influence one another: 1. External physical conditions, 2. Economic resources (including other technological resources), 3. Social actors and their interests, and 4. the Understanding, con

We present the PalCom Object Notation, a textual data representation format for communication between internet of things which support binary and textual data. The format does not require parsing of user data (or the “payload”) and is thus efficient to use also for large binary values such as digital images, audio and video as well as for short textual values. These can be mixed in the same messag

Sverige framställs i internationella undersökningar som det mest sekulariserade landet i världen. Samtidigt har religion kommit att bli alltmer synligt i samhället på ett sätt som leder till nya och komplicerade frågor. Den här boken vill ge en introduktion i hur sociologiska perspektiv bättre kan hjälpa oss förstå och förklara religion i dagens Sverige. Fokus i boken ligger framförallt de uttryck

One of the key steps in network-on-chip (NoC) based design is spatial mapping of cores and routing of the communication between those cores. Known solutions to the mapping and routing problem first map cores onto a topology and then route communication, using separated and possibly conflicting objective functions. In this paper we present a unified single-objective algorithm, called unified mappin

The International Energy Agency’s (IEA) Task 41: Solar Energy and Architecture gathers researchers, academics and practicing architects from 14 countries in a project pursuing the objectives to identify and address obstacles that architects are facing in solar design. Part of this three-year project is the development of an international survey -intended for practicing architects- addressing a bro