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Research on contact zones has paid relatively little attention to host-parasite interactions, although these situations have important but different implications depending on whether one considers the host or the parasite's perspective. We investigated both the role of a host contact zone in parasite expansion and whether parasites could influence contact zone dynamics. We studied the diversity an

Our knowledge of muscle function in chronic neurological disorders, the effects of exercise, and how the effects might translate into improvements in activities of daily living is very limited. By building a bridge between basic muscle physiology and clinical rehabilitation, our knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying muscle dysfunction in people with chronic neurological disorde

Antibody-based microarrays are a rapidly emerging technology that has advanced from the first proof-of-concept studies to demanding serum protein profiling applications during recent years, displaying great promise within disease proteomics. Miniaturized micro- and nanoarrays can be fabricated with an almost infinite number of antibodies carrying the desired specificities. While consuming only min

This paper provides an empirical analysis of market behaviour under ‘Tradable White Certificate’ (TWC) schemes. It focuses on the entire set of ‘flexibilities’ granted to obliged parties to meet a mandatory energy-saving target cost-effectively, i.e. range eligible measures, eligible end-use sectors, banking provision, market engagement of non-obliged parties, and trading as such. We found that ma

Gut barrier function is essential in critical illness and contributes to the systemic inflammatory response. Failure of the gut barrier includes both changes in microbial ecology, permeability and potential translocation, as well as local gut inflammatory response. The present review summarizes experiences made from acute pancreatitis, including pathophysiological mechanisms and ways of interventi

This study examines fuel use and metabolism in a group of long-distance migrating birds, red knots Calidris canutus (Scolopacidae), flying under controlled conditions in a wind tunnel for up to 10 h. Data are compared with values for resting birds fasting for the same time. Plasma levels of free fatty acids, glycerol and uric acid were elevated during flight, irrespective of flight duration (1-10h

The amount of large and old trees has decreased in the boreal forests during the last centuries of forestry. Such trees are important habitats for epiphytic lichens and there is a growing concern for lichen species that are associated with large and old trees. However, only little is known about the relative importance of tree size versus age as determinants of lichen diversity. Here we have deter

Array Close Information Database is an online database for information about microarray cDNA clones. For each clone, the database contents include assigned UniGene cluster(s), location in the full-length transcript, assigned gene ontology terms and position in the genome assembly.

New data on the levels and long-range transport of plutonium in the Arctic Ocean, recorded in the course of two expeditions to this zone in, 1994 and 1996, are discussed in this paper. Specifically, approximately 100 plutonium measurements in surface and sub-surface water sampled at 58 separate stations throughout the Kara, Laptev and East Siberian Seas, as well as along latitudinal transects acro

Tapasin is a subunit of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). It associates with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. We show that tapasin interacts with beta- and gamma-subunits of COPI coatomer. COPI retrieves membrane proteins from the Golgi network back to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The COPI subunit-associated tapasin also interacts with MHC class I mole

The frequency of micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) is extensively used as a biomarker of chromosomal damage and genome stability in human populations. Much theoretical evidence has been accumulated supporting the causal role of MN induction in cancer development, although prospective cohort studies are needed to validate MN as a cancer risk biomarker. A total of 6718 subjects

DSC studies were carried out in the heating-cooling cycles for non-irradiated and irradiated with gamma-rays ((CO)-C-60) using 30 kGy dose wheat flour. The differences between gelatinisation and reversible transition of amylose-lipid complexes occurring in suspensions of non-irradiated and the irradiated flour (characterized by a dry matter to water ratio of 1: 1 and 1:3) depend on the conditions

Heat generation due to plastic deformation of metals and steel is studied. Whereas in many investigations it is assumed that the fraction eta of the plastic work transformed into heat is constant throughout the deformation process, the fraction eta is here derived from thermodynamic considerations in a large-strain setting. It is shown that for elasto-plasticity the fraction eta follows as a resul

The effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal mycelial colonization and carbon allocation were assessed using Pinus silvestris plants grown in association with an ectomycorrhizal fungus. Plants were placed in perspex growth chambers divided by a central partition so that soils of different pH could be used on either side of the chambers. Differences between the growth form and growth rates of the fungi