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PURPOSE: This study was designed to characterize rectal sensations by visualizing the internal and external anal sphincter and intra-anal transport of bolus during elicited rectal sensations. METHODS: The anal canal was visualized with real-time transperineal ultrasonography in 13 healthy female volunteers. Rectal sensations were elicited by injecting water into the rectum. The ultrasound images w
The monoclonal gammopathies are a group of disorders associated with monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells. The characterization of specific entities is an area of difficulty in clinical practice. The International Myeloma Working Group has reviewed the criteria for diagnosis and classification with the aim of producing simple, easily used definitions based on routinely available investigations
Cytogenetic biomarkers are by far the most frequently used endpoints in human population studies. Their sensitivity for measuring exposure to genotoxic agents and their role as early predictors of cancer risk have contributed to this success. In this article, we present an overview of the last 25 years of population studies with cytogenetic biomarkers, describing the evolution of this research and
It has been suggested that during the past five decades human sperm counts have declined and the incidence of testicular cancer, hypospadias and cryptorchidism has increased. Furthermore, geographical differences, with respect to these markers of male reproductive function, have been reported. According to a recent hypothesis, all these abnormalities of the male genital system do have a common cau
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) mediate cell attachment and stress transfer through extracellular domains. Here we forcibly unfold the Ig domains of a prototypical Ig superfamily CAM that contains intradomain disulfide bonds. The Ig domains of all such CAMs have conformations homologous to cadherin extracellular domains, titin Ig-type domains, and fibronectin type-III (FNIII) domains. Atomic force
Morphogenesis of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo is associated with a dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton that is mediated by small GTPases of the Rho family. Often, Rho1 controls different aspects of cytoskeletal function in parallel, requiring a complex level of regulation. We show that the guanine triphosphate (GTP) exchange factor DRhoGEF2 is apically localized in epithelial ce
Many pathogenic yeast species are asexual and therefore not involved in intra- or interspecies mating. However, high-frequency transfer of plasmid DNA was observed when pathogenic and food-borne yeasts were grown together. This property could play a crucial role in the spread of virulence and drug resistance factors among yeasts.
Background: Ghrelin derives from endocrine cells (A-like cells) in the stomach (mainly the oxyntic mucosa). Its concentration in the circulation increases during fasting and decreases upon re-feeding. This has fostered the notion that the absence of food in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract stimulates the secretion of ghrelin. The purpose of the present study was to determine the concentration
Weak Renegotiation-Proofness (WW) singles out marginal cost pricing as a unique pure-strategy equilibrium of the infinitely repeated Bertrand duopoly. We show that, with a discrete strategy space, WRP does not eliminate any relevant subgame perfect equilibrium outcome. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Screening for type 1 diabetes (T1DM) risk in newborns has little negative emotional impact on mothers. In this study, the impact on the mother and the father was evaluated both in the general population and in families with diabetes. All parents with a newborn in Skåne, Sweden, were invited to a screening for T1DM risk in their children (the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne (DiPiS)). Blood was obtaine
Abstract is not available
Nanocrystals are under active investigation because of their interesting size- dependent properties(1,2) and potential applications(3-5). Silicon nanocrystals have been studied for possible uses in optoelectronics(6), and may be relevant to the understanding of natural processes such as lightning strikes(7). Gas-phase methods can be used to prepare nanocrystals, and mass spectrometric techniques h
Background: Immunization of animals with LDL reduces atherosclerosis. However, whether the timing of immunization affects its efficacy is not known. In this study, we evaluated the influence of timing of immunization on the athero-protective effects of LDL immunization in apo E (-/-) mice. Methods and results: Hypercholesterolemic apo E (-/-) mice were immunized with native LDL (nLDL) at age of 6-
Xylanase A of Thermotoga neapolitana contains binding domains both at the N- and C-terminal ends of the catalytic domain. In the N-terminal position it contains two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM) which belong to family 22. These CBMs bind xylan but not to cellulose. The gene encoding the mature peptide of these CBMs was fused with an alkaline active GH10 xylanase from Bacillus halodurans S7 an
Proton beam writing was performed on a lithographic resist to determine the main parameters required to achieve the minimum feature size, maximum pattern lateral density and maximum aspect ratio. A 2.5 MeV proton beam focused to sizes between 1.5 and 2.5 mu m was used to expose SU-8 negative resist. The number of protons per pixel was varied in the exposure of SU-8 with thicknesses between 5 and 9
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the serum level of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) carries prognostic information in individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. DESIGN: suPAR was measured by ELISA in 262 individuals at the time of enrolment into a cohort based on suspicion of active tuberculosis and in 101 individuals after 8 months of follow-up. RESULTS: The s
Background: Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used for prevention and treatment of thromboemobolic events, but may occasionally cause uncontrollable bleeding. Heparin can readily be antagonized with protamine, but this is less effective against LMWH. Objectives: To test the effects of rFVIIa or an analogue of rFVIIa, NN1731, on heparin- and LMWH-induced bleeding in rats. M
