INTRODUCTION: Inflammation is an stereotypical response to tissue damage and has been extensively documented in experimental and clinical traumatic brain injury (TBI), including children. DISCUSSION: The initiation and orchestration of inflammation in TBI, as in other tissues, is complex and multifactorial encompassing pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, complemen

Antibodies have demonstrated having a protective effect in animal models of tuberculosis (TB). These experiments have considered the specificity of antigen recognition and the different isotypes and subclasses as significant contributors of this effect. However, the carbohydrate chain heterogeneity on the Fc region of IgG (Fc-IgG) can play an important role in modulating the immune response. Patie

Predation is a strong selective force in most natural systems, potentially fueling evolutionary changes in prey morphology, life history and behaviour. Recent work has suggested that contrasting predation pressures may lead to population differentiation in personality traits. However, there are indications that these personality traits also differ between sexes and not necessarily in a consistent

Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) has recently attracted attention for its ability to investigate acute stroke pathophysiology. SWI detects an increased ratio of deoxyhemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin in cerebral venous compartments, which can illustrate cerebral misery perfusion with a compensatory increase of oxygen extraction fraction in the hypoperfused brain. In this study we make the first cas

The soluble proteins and protein aggregates in Belinda oats were characterized using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled with online UV-vis spectroscopy and multiangle light-scattering detection (MALS). Fractions from the AF4 separation were collected and further characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The AF4 fractogram of the oat

It is shown how results on Carleson embeddings induced by the Laplace transform can be used to derive new and more general results concerning the weighted (infinite-time) admissibility of control and observation operators for linear semigroup systems with q-Riesz bases of eigenvectors. As an example, the heat equation is considered. Next, a new Carleson embedding result is proved, which gives furt

In recent years, exterior thermal insulation systems became more and more important leading to an increasing amount of houses equipped with biocide-containing organic façade coatings or fungicide treated wood. It is known that these biocides, e.g. terbutryn, carbendazim, and diuron, as well as wood preservatives as propiconazole, leach out of the material through contact with wind driven rain. Hen

This work addresses structural and nonequilibrium effects of the interactions between well-defined cationic poly(amidoamine) PAMAM dendrimers of generations 4 and 8 and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at the hydrophilic silica-water interface. Neutron reflectometry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring were used to reveal the adsorption from premixed dendr

Babesiosis is an emerging tick-transmitted zoonosis in large parts of the world. In Sweden, the occurrence and diversity of Babesia species is largely unknown. In order to estimate the exposure to Babesia from infected ticks, we collected questing Ixodes ricinus from several sites across southern Sweden during two consecutive field seasons and investigated the occurrence of Babesia species. We rep

Gated transport measurements are the backbone of electrical characterization of nanoscale electronic devices. Scanning gate microscopy (SGM) is one such gating technique that adds crucial spatial information, accessing the localized properties of semiconductor devices. Nanowires represent a central device concept due to the potential to combine very different materials. However, SGM on semiconduct

The aim of this study was to determine whether total fertilization failure in human IVF can be partially explained by alterations in the gene that codes for protein C inhibitor. Forty-six men had IVF total fertilization failure and 51 controls with normal fertilization were screened for mutations in the protein C inhibitor gene by direct sequencing. The main finding was that in men involved in tot

The intestine presents a huge surface area to the outside environment, a property that is of critical importance for its key functions in nutrient digestion, absorption, and waste disposal. As such, the intestine is constantly exposed to dietary and microbial-derived foreign antigens, to which immune cells within the mucosa must suitably respond to maintain intestinal integrity, while also providi

Objective To determine the association between characteristics at diagnosis and the time to first relapse in a large cohort of patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyassociated vasculitis (AAV). Methods. We studied long-term followup data from 4 clinical trials that included newly diagnosed patients with a broad spectrum of AAV severity and manifestations. Patient and disease characteris

The electroencephalography (EEG) signal has a high complexity, and the process of extracting clinically relevant features is achieved by visual analysis of the recordings. The interobserver agreement in EEG interpretation is only moderate. This is partly due to the method of reporting the findings in free-text format. The purpose of our endeavor was to create a computer-based system for EEG assess

Abnormal aggregation of SNCA/-synuclein plays a crucial role in Parkinson disease (PD) pathogenesis. SNCA levels determine its toxicity, and its accumulation, even to a small extent, may be a risk factor for neurodegeneration. One of the main pathways for SNCA degradation is chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a selective form of autophagy, while aberrant SNCA may act as a CMA inhibitor. In the cu

Rationale: Acute lung injury (ALI) causes high mortality, but its molecular mechanisms and therapeutic options remain ill-defined. Gram-negative bacterial infections are the main cause of ALI, leading to lung neutrophil infiltration, permeability increases, deterioration of gas exchange, and lung damage. Platelets are activated during ALI, but insights into their mechanistic contribution to neutro

Acute lung injury is caused by many factors including acute pancreatitis. There is no specific therapy directed at underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for acute lung injury. Transforming growth factor- β (TGF- β ) is involved in the resolution of lung injury in later phases of the disease. Some evidence exists demonstrating that TGF- β not only is involved in the late stages, but also contrib