The basic organization of the catecholamine-containing neuronal systems and their axonal projections in the brain was initially worked out using classical histofluorescence techniques during the 1960s and 1970s. The introduction of more versatile immunohistochemical methods, along with a range of highly sensitive tract-tracing techniques, has provided a progressively more detailed picture, making

Playing a musical instrument demands extensive procedural, motor, and cognitive abilities, and early musical learning results in plastic reorganization of the developing brain. Even the adult brain has a considerable plasticity, and neuronal cortical connections can be remodeled by experience during one's lifetime. Current neuroimaging methods have demonstrated complex and widespread activation in

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a soft-tissue neoplasm with a predilection for the pelvic and perineal regions and a tendency to recur locally. Cytogenetic data on this tumor type are limited to five cases, three of which showed rearrangement of chromosomal bands 12q13-15. Molecular investigation of two of the tumors identified the HMGA2 gene as the target of the 12q rearrangements. However, the two pre

We consider transmission by a vector adder channel with two independent inputs and additive white Gaussian noise. Decisions on the channel output are made by individual decoders. A new metric for decoding in such a channel is proposed, which is a generalization of the correlation metric and is close to the optimal metric in some cases. Bounds on decoding error probability are given. A procedure fo

The sedimentary record from the Ugleelv Valley on central Jameson Land, East Greenland, adds new information about terrestrial palaeoenvironments and glaciations to the glacial history of the Scoresby Sund fjord area. A western extension of a coastal ice cap on Liverpool Land reached eastern Jameson Land during the early Scoresby Sund glaciation (approximate to the Saalian). During the following g

Growth of the smooth muscle cells in the rat portal vein was induced by a partial ligation of the vessel. The ligation caused an increase in the transmural pressure and segments of the portal vein were investigated 6 weeks after the ligation. The spontaneous contractile activity of the ligated veins was similar to that of the control veins. In the ligated vessels the active force at optimal length

We studied electrophysiological properties of single chemosensory neurons in the mouthparts of the spiny lobsters Panulirus argus and Panulirus interruptus to complement our growing understanding of the behavioral roles of mouthparts of decapod crustaceans. Food mixtures and 13 single compounds were used to characterize the response specificity, sensitivity, and time course of individual neurons i

The biological effect of Auger electrons emitted from indium in V79 cells was investigated. K-shell vacancies were induced by synchrotron x-rays. Two energies, 100 eV above and below the K-edge of indium, were used. The cell survival for controls was similar to that which has been reported by others, with D37 = 4.4 Gy. Indium-oxine-labelled cells exhibited a survival clearly below that of the cont

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of two different Swedish screening procedures for early detection of congenital cataracts in comparison with no screening. Methods: Children born between January 1992 and December 1998 in Swedish regions with an established eye-screening routine procedure, diagnosed with congenital cataract, and operated on before 1 y of age, were included in a retrospective study. Ag

1 Two new concepts describing the origin of insects caught ill an attractive trap are presented. 2 Male European pine sawflies Neodiprion sertifer Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) were marked and released from 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 m in the four cardinal directions around a centrally placed pheromone trap. 3 Based on linear regression of transformed data, we calculated the seasonal sampling

Let S be a set of points in the plane. What is the minimum possible dilation of all plane graphs that contain S? Even for a set S as simple as five points evenly placed on the circle, this question seems hard to answer; it is not even clear if there exists a lower bound > 1. In this paper we provide the first upper and lower bounds for the embedding problem. 1. Each finite point set can be embedde

In this study we investigated the importance of social network and social support systems outside the workplace and workload and psychological job strain in former work for the prevalence of daily neck and low back pain. The study population (n = 621) comprised a random half of all male residents in Malmo, Sweden, born in 1914, of whom 500 (80.5%) participated. Two of the social network and social

Developing large, complex software products aimed at broad markets involves identifying and maintaining the link between product requirements and the continuous, massive inflow of customers' wishes. The manual linkage performed today is cumbersome, time-consuming, and error-prone. Automating this support through linguistic engineering could save considerable time and improve software quality. This

Smoking is widely considered a risk factor for future fracture. The aim of this study was to quantify this risk on an international basis and to explore the relationship of this risk with age, sex and bone mineral density (BMD). We studied 59,232 men and women (74% female) from ten prospective cohorts comprising EVOS/EPOS, DOES, CaMos, Rochester, Sheffeld, Rotterdam, Kuopio, Hiroshima and two coho

Background: The activity level and subjective knee function after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury treated without reconstruction have not been well elucidated. Hypothesis: Patients with ACL injury can achieve good knee function and satisfactory long-term activity level when treated by early activity modification combined with rehabilitation. Study Design: Cohort study (prognosis); Level