Popular Abstract in SwedishKränkningsersättning förutsätter enligt lagtexten en ”skada” men det är inte en fysisk eller medicinskt påvisbar personskada som avses, snarare är det den personliga integritetskränkning som brottsliga angrepp kan medföra. Ersättningen är tänkt att ge kompensation för den kränkning som brottet medfört så att brottsoffret får upprättelse. Men är det möjligt att ersätta enThe thesis takes its starting point in the question of how damages for violation of crime is determined. This type of non-pecuniary damages to crime victims has a fundamental uncertainty regarding the computation of damages and what is really meant by “violation” in the meaning of the law. There is also a gliding between the violation and the suffering, as to which the compensation is related. The

Abstract Background. Injecting drug use (IDU) may lead to exposure to a range of carcinogenic agents. We investigated the risk and distribution of cancers among individuals with a history of IDU in Sweden. Material and Methods. The cancer incidence in a cohort of longitudinally followed participants in a needle exchange program (NEP), recruited between 1987 and 2007, was compared to that in the Sw

This paper discusses the classic but still current problem of interval estimation of a binomial proportion. Bootstrap methods are presented for constructing such confidence intervals in a routine, automatic way. Three confidence intervals for a binomial proportion are compared and studied by means of a simulation study, namely: the Wald confidence interval, the Agresti-Coull interval and the boots

This thesis concerns ego-motion and pose estimation of a single camera under the assumptions of planar motion and constant internal camera parameters. Planar motion is common for cameras mounted onto mobile robots, particularly in indoor scenarios, as they remain at a constant height above the ground plane. In Paper A, a parametrisation of the camera motion and pose is presented, along with an ite

Background/Objective: Carboxylic acids (CAs), especially butyric acid, have been suggested to counteract colonic diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. Colonic formation of CAs can be influenced by the diet, but the concentrations and pattern formed need to be evaluated for different food products in humans. To elucidate how the colonic concentration of CAs in healthy subjects is i

Optical reflectometry is commonly used as an accurate and noninvasive characterization tool when growing planar semiconductor layers. However, thin-film analysis schemes cannot be directly applied to nanowire systems due to their complex optical response. Here, we report on reliable in situ characterization of nanowire growth with high accuracy using optical reflectance spectra for analysis. The m

Abstract in UndeterminedAccurate estimation of forest net primary productivity (NPP), biomass, and their sensitivity to changes in temperature and precipitation is important for understanding the fluxes and pools of terrestrial carbon resulting from anthropogenically driven climate change. The objectives of this study were to (1) estimate potential forest NPP and biomass for New England using a re

The complex I subunits NuoL, NuoM and NuoN are homologous to two proteins, MrpA and MrpD, from one particular class of Na+/H+ antiporters. In many bacteria MrpA and MrpD are encoded by an operon comprising 6-7 conserved genes. In complex I these protein subunits are prime candidates for harboring important parts of the proton pumping machinery. Deletion of either mrpA or mrpD from the Bacillus sub

Background and aims. Proteins induced by vitamin K absence for factor II (PIVKA-II) is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that monitors uncarboxylated prothrombin and responds to vitamin K deficits prior to changes in the prothrombin test. The aim of this project was to study perioperative PIVKA-II changes during various types of surgery in a prospective observational study. Methods. Patients un

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) is a chronic disease characterized by the inability of the pancreas to produce sufficient amounts of insulin. Daily compensation of the deficiency requires 4-6 insulin injections to be taken daily, the aim of this insulin therapy being to maintain normoglycemia - i.e., a blood glucose level between 4 and 7mmol/l. To determine the quantity and timing of th

A synthetic route to lactam analogues of the fungal STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone is presented. The synthesis involves a one-pot tosylamide amide coupling/intramolecular Michael addition and an introduction of an alpha,beta-unsaturation, regioselectively directed by the tosyl functionality. An iodolactonization of the octahydroindolizine 9 and a re-opening of the lactone were employed for introd

The reactions of six diimine ligands with Cu(II) and Ni(II) halide salts have been investigated. The diimine ligands were Ph2C=N(CH2)(n)NC=Ph-2 (n = 2 (Bz(2)en, 1a), 3 (Bz(2)pn, 1b), 4 (Bz2bn, 1c)), N, N'-bis-(2-tert-butylthio- 1-ylmethylenebenzene)-2,2'diamino-biphenyl (2), N,N'-bis-(2-chloro-1-ylmethylenebenzene)-1,3diaminobenzene (3) and N,N'-bis-(2-chloro-1-ylmethylenebenzene)-1,2-ethanediamin

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are synthesised in aerosol phase using the Liquid Flame Spray method. The particles are deposited in-situ on paperboard, glass and metal surfaces. According to literature, titanium dioxide is supposed to be hydrophilic. However, hydrophobic behaviour is observed on paperboard substrates but not on metal or glass substrates. Here, the water contact angle behaviour of

The Nearctic species Chyliza leguminicola Melander, 1920 has been found breeding in Denmark. It is reported here for the first time in the Palaearctic region. The first known Danish record is from 1991, and the species is well established at least in the eastern part of Jutland. Data on the distribution as currently known is presented. It is possible that C. leguminicola is actually established bu

Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a rang

Gynogenetic species rely on sperm from heterospecifics for reproduction but do not receive genetic benefits from mating because none of the paternal genome is incorporated into offspring. The gynogenetic Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) is a species of hybrid origins that are sympatric with one of the two parent species that provide sperm for reproduction, P. latipinna or P. mexicana. Amazons shoul

This dissertation deals with the morphological development in written L2 French by Swedish learners. The thesis presents a detailed analysis of number marking and agreement in NPs and VPs, focusing mainly on the production of the morphemes –s (in NP) and the third person plural –nt (in VP). These agreements are particularly interesting in French where number morphology is often silent in the oral

Ten forest sites with a tree layer of almost pure beech in southern-central Scania, south Sweden, were studied. They were all located in the interior of large forest stands. Five of the stands were developed on mor Podzols with scanty or almost no ground layer vegetation. The other five sites were located on mull Cambisols with a rich ground layer of many vascular plant species and a shrub layer o

Background: Inherited factors predisposing individuals to breast and ovarian cancer are largely unidentified in a majority of families with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). We aimed to identify germline copy number variations (CNVs) contributing to HBOC susceptibility in the Finnish population. Methods: A cohort of 84 HBOC individuals (negative for BRCA1/2-founder mutations and pre-scr