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Background Leaf-cutting ants live in symbiosis with a fungus that they rear for food by providing it with live plant material. Until recently the fungus' main inferred function was to make otherwise inaccessible cell wall degradation products available to the ants, but new studies have shed doubt on this idea. To provide evidence for the cell wall degrading capacity of the attine ant symbiont, we

We report the results of the femtoscopic analysis of pairs of identical pions measured in p-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 5.02 TeV. Femtoscopic radii are determined as a function of event multiplicity and pair momentum in three spatial dimensions. As in the pp collision system, the analysis is complicated by the presence of sizable background correlation structures in addition to the femtoscopic

From a suitably broad perspective, transition metal corroles may be viewed as stable, synthetic analogues of high-valent heme protein intermediates such as compounds I and II. Against this backdrop, the electronic structure of chloroiron corrole has provoked a lively debate in recent years. Thus, whereas NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations suggest an S = 3/2 Fe(III) corrole(center dot 2-) radica

The role of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in breast cancer has been investigated since its identification in 1996. Studies based on protein expression have indicated that ERβ is a favorable prognostic marker. Further, ERβ expression is lower in obese breast cancer patients. Fewer studies have focused on the prognostic impact of ERβ polymorphisms. Therefore, we analyzed the associations between four

A new PGSE NMR sequence is introduced for measuring diffusive transport across the plasma membrane of living cells. A "diffusion filter" and a variable mixing time precedes a standard PGSE block for diffusion encoding of the NMR signal. The filter is a PGSE block optimized for selectively removing the magnetization of the extracellular water. With increasing mixing time the intra- and extracellula

Direct photons have been measured in root s(NN) = 200 GeV d + Au collisions at midrapidity. A wide p(T) range is covered by measurements of nearly real virtual photons (1 < p(T) < 6 GeV/c) and real photons (5 < p(T) < 16 GeV/c). The invariant yield of the direct photons in d + Au collisions over the scaled p + p cross section is consistent with unity. Theoretical calculations assuming standard col

Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. Fat mass is a determinant of bone strength and both phenotypes have a strong genetic component. In this study, we examined the association between obesity associated polymorphisms (SNPs) with body composition, BMD, Ultrasound (QUS), fracture and biomarkers (Homocysteine (Hcy), folate, Vitamin D and Vit

Popular Abstract in Swedish Leukemi kännetecknas av en okontrollerad tillväxt av omogna vita blodkroppar och orsakas av förvärvade genetiska förändringar. Genetiska förändringar eller avvikelser, som är drivande i cancerutvecklingen, uppstår när normala celler delar sig. Identifiering av sådana förändringar på gen-och kromosomnivå är av stor klinisk betydelse. Behandling styrs av vilka genetiska aAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) affects individuals at all ages, with peak incidences in children <4 years and adults >50 years. ALL is broadly categorized into B-cell precursor (BCP) and T-cell ALL with specific clinical features associated with outcome. In contrast to pediatric ALL, which has a favorable prognosis, adult ALL is associated with a much poorer outcome with less than 40% overall

The effect of a supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) treatment on the free volume of poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] (PTMSP) and PTMSP-silica nanohybrid membranes was investigated with positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and correlated with their performance in pervaporation. Treatment of dense unfilled PTMSP and silica filled PTMSP (2.5, 10 and 20 wt.% silica) membranes with s

BACKGROUND: Patterns of spatial variation in discrete phenotypic traits can be used to draw inferences about the adaptive significance of traits and evolutionary processes, especially when compared to patterns of neutral genetic variation. Population divergence in adaptive traits such as color morphs can be influenced by both local ecology and stochastic factors such as genetic drift or founder ev

We analyze, using Monte Carlo simulations, how a dielectric medium, modeled as a Stockmayer fluid, modulates the force between two similarly charged surfaces. A major objective is to provide a basis for understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the primitive model. The system studied has uniformly charged walls separated by counterions and solvent, where the latter is kept at constant chemical

The calcium-mediated interaction of DNA with monolayers of the non-toxic, zwitterionic phospholipid, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine when mixed with 50 mol% of a second lipid, either the zwitteronic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine or neutral cholesterol was investigated using a combination of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy, external reflectance

We study the deeply virtual Compton scattering off a spin-one particle, as the case for the coherent scattering off a deuteron target. We extend our approach, formulated initially for a spinless case, and discuss the role of twist three contributions for restoring the gauge invariance of the amplitude. Using twist three contributions and relations, which emanate from the QCD equations of motion, w

In this study, the catalytic activity of wood-based catalysts produced by different activation methods was evaluated for the decomposition of hydrogen iodide (HI) as part of the sulfur-iodine hydrogen production process. The wood-based activated carbon catalysts showed strong improvement in the HI conversion compared to a blank, especially for carbon catalysts activated using H3PO4. Proximate anal

Knowledge about the need for care of elderly individuals in community dwellings and the factors affecting their needs and support is limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the frailty of a population of elderly individuals living in community dwellings in Sweden in relation to co-morbidity, use of drugs, and risk of severe conditions such as malnutrition, pressure ulcers, and falls. In

The paper reports on the bias stabilization of a 60-GHz resonant-tunneling diode (RTD)-based oscillator operated in pulsed mode. The oscillator contains an on-chip stabilizing capacitor, enabling the minimum dc consumption possible for such an RTD oscillator to be obtained, since all of the dc current is consumed by the active device. This is achieved without imposing restraints on the output powe