Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is an interesting option for ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials. To meet desired overall yields during ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials, it is important to use both hexoses and pentoses. This can be achieved by co-fermentation of sugars in SSF, so called SSCF (simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation), us

Several philosophers have maintained in recent years that the endurance/perdurance debate is merely verbal: these prima facie distinct theories of objects’ persistence are in fact metaphysically equivalent, they claim. The present paper challenges this view. Three proposed translation schemes (those set forth by Miller 2005; McCall and Lowe 2006; Hirsch 2009) are examined; all are shown to be faul

Arterial stiffness is influenced by advancing age and vascular disease and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events and death. Using ultrasound measurements, arterial stiffness in a specific arterial segment can be assessed. The aim of this observational study was to explore the prospective and cross-sectional associations between arterial stiffness measured by ultrasound locally in

We obtain new results for the probabilistic model introduced in Menshikov et al. (2007) and Volkov (2006) which involves a dd-ary regular tree. All vertices are coloured in one of dd distinct colours so that dd children of each vertex all have different colours. Fix d2d2 strictly positive random variables. For any two connected vertices of the tree assign to the edge between them a label which has

The whiH gene is required for the orderly sporulation septation that divides aerial hyphae into spores in Streptomyces coelicolor. Here, we use a whiHp-mCherry transcriptional reporter construct to show that whiHp is active specifically in aerial hyphae, fluorescence being dependent on sporulation sigma factor WhiG. The results show that the promoter is active before the septation event that separ

The generation of toxic oligomers during the aggregation of the amyloid-beta (A beta) peptide A beta 42 into amyloid fibrils and plaques has emerged as a central feature of the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease, but the molecular pathways that control pathological aggregation have proved challenging to identify. Here, we use a combination of kinetic studies, selective radiolabeling expe

Over the last two decades, significant strides has been made toward acquiring a better knowledge of both the etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Experimental models are of paramount importance to obtain greater insights into the pathogenesis of the disease. Thus far, neurotoxin-based animal models have been the most popular tools employed to produce selective neuronal death in b

In order to simultaneously generalize matrix rings and group graded crossed products, we introduce category crossed products. For such algebras we describe the centre and the commutant of the coefficient ring. We also investigate the connection between on the one hand maximal commutativity of the coefficient ring and on the other hand nonemptiness of intersections of the coefficient ring by nonzer

Abstract Background Gender specific outcome for children with anorectal malformations (ARM) is rarely reported although it is important for medical care and in parent counseling. Purpose To assess bowel function according to the Krickenbeck system in relation to ARM-subtype, gender and age. Method All children born with ARM in 1998–2008 and referred to two centers in two different countries wer

We present an update of a search for supersymmetry in final states containing jets, missing transverse momentum, and one isolated electron or muon, using 1.04 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at root s =7 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in the first half of 2011. The analysis is carried out in four distinct signal regions with either three or four jets and variations on the (

The assembly of proteins into amyloid fibrils, a phenomenon central to several currently incurable human diseases, is a process of high specificity that commonly tolerates only a low level of sequence mismatch in the component polypeptides. However, in many cases aggregation-prone polypeptides exist as mixtures with variations in sequence length or post-translational modifications; in particular a

Nanoparticles with an internal structure have been prepared by dispersing under dilute conditions poly(acrylic acid) with a polymerization degree n = 6000 (PAA6000) together with a cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (C16TAOH) and the non-ionic surfactant penta(ethylene glycol) monododecyl ether (C12E5) in water. The nanoparticles are formed at different mixing ratios in the c

IMPORTANCE Follow-up at 30 months' corrected age reveals eye and visual problems in one-third of children born extremely prematurely (

Movement is a fundamental behaviour of organisms that not only brings about beneficial encounters with resources and mates, but also at the same time exposes the organism to dangerous encounters with predators. The movement patterns adopted by organisms should reflect a balance between these contrasting processes. This trade-off can be hypothesized as being evident in the behaviour of plankton, wh

To investigate the association between cohabitation status, clinical stage at diagnosis, and disease-specific survival in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM).

The water interactions of polymer electrolyte membranes are of significant interest when these materials are used in for example fuel cells. We have therefore studied the sorption thermodynamics of Nafion 117 with a sorption calorimeter that simultaneously measures the sorption isotherm and the mixing (sorption) enthalpy. This unique method is suitable for investigating the sorption thermodynamics

We present a review of elemental abundances in the Milky Way stellar disk, bulge, and halo with a focus on data derived from high-resolution stellar spectra. These data are fundamental in disentangling the formation history and subsequent evolution of the Milky Way. Information from such data is still limited and confined to narrowly defined stellar samples. The astrometric Gala satellite will soo

The milk metabolomes of 407 individual Swedish Red dairy cows were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as part of the Danish-Swedish Milk Genomics Initiative. By relating these metabolite profiles to total milk protein concentration and rheological measurements of rennet-induced milk coagulation together using multivariate data analysis techniques, we were able to identify several