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Introduction There is controversy regarding the importance of air-transmitted infections for surgical site infections (SSIs) after orthopaedic surgery. Research has been hindered by both the inability in blinding the exposure, and by the need for recruiting large enough cohorts. The aim of this study is to investigate whether using a new form of air purifier using plasma air purification (PAP) in

Background: The response to neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy (NAC) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is impaired in up to 50% of patients due to chemoresistance, with no predictive biomarkers in clinical use. The proto-oncogene RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) has emerged as a putative modulator of chemotherapy response in several solid tumours but has a hitherto unrecognized role

ObjectivesIn Phase 1 of developing new hand osteoarthritis (OA) classification criteria, features associated with hand OA were identified in a population with hand complaints. Radiographic findings could better discriminate patients with hand OA and controls than clinical examination findings. The objective of Phase 2 was to achieve consensus on the features and their weights to be included in thr

Worldwide, racial and ethnic minorities have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 with increased risk of infection, its related complications, and death. In the initial phase of population-based vaccination in the United States (U.S.) and United Kingdom (U.K.), vaccine hesitancy may result in differences in uptake. We performed a cohort study among U.S. and U.K. participants who volunteere

Let M be a compact, connected C∞ manifold with a C∞ Riemannian metric or let M=Rn with Euclidean metric. Let g denote the metric. On M consider the 2×2 system of Schrödinger operators[TeX:] \[P=-h^{2}\Delta +V+h^{2}\mathcal{W},\qquadV=\left(\begin{array}[cc]v_{1}&0\\0&v_{2}\end{array}\right)\]where v1,v2∈C∞(M) are non-negative, and W is a C∞, first order formally selfadjoint differential o

Severe obesity in adolescence profoundly impacts health and social well-being. Lifestyle modifications are seldom successful in maintaining sufficient weight loss to mitigate the risk of complications. Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is a standard treatment for adult patients and has emerged as an option for adolescent patients. Several high-quality studies of adolescent MBS show substantial

Optimization based on traditional forward motion analysis to ensure a prescribed load distribution on a deformed geometry is challenging, since the load distribution is highly coupled to the deformed geometry, boundary conditions, and the optimized material layout. In contrast to traditional forward motion analysis, the deformed configuration is prescribed in the inverse motion analysis, and the u

Background: Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for outpatient management of cystitis. Previous evidence suggests that certain factors likely beyond the infection seem to influence the choice of antimicrobial treatment. However, studies on the specific antibiotic treatments for cystitis are lacking. This study aimed to explore the antibiotic treatments for cystitis using nationwide primary healthc

Hypothermia is a common adverse event during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), affecting multiple organ systems and increasing risk of poor health outcomes among patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) undergoing CRRT. TheraMax blood warmers are the next generation of extracorporeal blood warmers which reduce risk of hypothermia during CRRT. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the

In the last two decades, the retail sector has experienced unprecedented upheaval, having severe implications for economic development and sustenance of traditional inner-city retail dis-tricts. In the city of Christchurch, New Zealand, this effect has been exacerbated by a series of earthquakes in 2010/2011 which destroyed much of the traditional retail precinct of the city. After exten-sive rebu

PurposeThe Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 calls for a reduction in disaster mortality, yet measuring mortality remains a challenge due to varying definitions of disaster mortality, the quality, availability and diversity of data sources, generating mortality estimates, and how mortality data are interpreted.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses five case studies to pro

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a minimally invasive bronchoscopic procedure, well established as a diagnostic modality of first choice for diagnosis and staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The therapeutic decisions for advanced NSCLC require comprehensive profiling of actionable mutations, which is currently considered to be an essential

Disasters exact a heavy toll globally. However, the degree to which we can accurately quantify their impact, in particular mortality, remains challenging. It is critical to ensure that disaster data reliably reflects the scale, type, and distribution of disaster impacts given the role of data in: (1) risk assessments; (2) developing disaster risk management programs; (3) determining the resources

Growing evidence suggests a consistent association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and cognitive impairment and dementia that is independent of clinical stroke. This report from the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration summarizes the evidence linking AF to cognitive impairment and dementia. It provides guidance on the investigation and management of dementia in patients with AF on the basis of b

BackgroundHealth systems are based on 6 functions that need to work together at all times to effectively deliver safe and quality health services. These functions are vulnerable to shocks and changes; if a health system is unable to withstand the pressure from a shock, it may cease to function or collapse. The concept of resilience has been introduced with the goal of strengthening health systems

Background: Floods affect over 85 million people every year and are one of the deadliest types of natural disasters. The health effects of floods are partly due to a loss of access to health care. This loss can be limited with proper flood preparedness. Flood preparedness is especially needed at the primary health care (PHC) level. Flood preparedness assessments can be used to identify vulnerable

There is limited knowledge on the effect of seasonal flooding on health over time.We quantified the short- and long-term effects of floods on selected health indicators at publichealthcare facilities in 11 districts in Cambodia, a flood-prone setting. Counts of inpatient dischargediagnoses and outpatient consultations for diarrhea, acute respiratory infections, skin infections,injuries, noncommuni

Introduction How the burden of disease varies during different phases after floods and after storms is essential in order to guide a medical response, but it has not been well-described. The objective of this review was to elucidate the health problems following flood and storm disasters.Methods: A literature search of the databases Medline (US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of

Water demand growth coupled with its high spatial-temporal mismatch of water resources will lead to an increasing water scarcity worldwide. In order to investigate a robust long-term water stress for ecosystems and regions across China, the improved maximum entropy production (MEP) method was utilized to obtain a reliable evapotranspiration (ET) product during 1982–2015. Afterwards four water stre