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PURPOSE: Astrocytosis is an important feature of the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet there is currently no way of detecting this phenomenon in vivo. METHODS: In this study we examine the retention of the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer (11)C-L: -deuteriodeprenyl (DED), thought to bind activated astrocytes, in 9 patients with moderate to severe AD compared with 11 healthy

Much is unknown regarding the regulation of Alzheimer-related amyloid-beta protein precursor (A beta PP)-processing in the human central nervous system. It has been hypothesized that amyloidogenic A beta PP-processing preferentially occurs in the regulated secretory pathway of neurons. To test this hypothesis we looked for correlations of A beta PP-derived molecules in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) wi

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) of active transporters comprises a group of proteins that which facilitate efflux of anticancer drugs from cancer cells. We focused on the gene amplification and protein expression of ABCC3 (also known as MRP3) in breast cancer cell lines and clinical tumor samples. Fluorescence and chromogenic in situ hybridization, using an ABCC3-specific probe, was used to analyze

The majority of women diagnosed with lymph node-negative breast cancer are unnecessarily treated with damaging chemotherapeutics following surgical resection. This highlights the importance of understanding and more accurately predicting patient prognosis. Here, we define the transcriptional networks regulating well-established prognostic gene expression signatures. We find that the same set of tr

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the associations between inadequate glycemic control of diabetes and psychological, anthropometric and life style variables in a population based cohort of type 1 diabetes patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: In this study 292 patients with type 1 diabetes participated, age 18-59 years. Psychological data were assessed by self-report ins

A coupled diffusion-deformation, multiphase field model for elastoplastic materials is presented. The equations governing the evolution of the phase fields and the molar concentration field are derived in a thermodynamically consistent way using microforce balance laws. As an example of its capabilities, the model is used to study the growth of the intermetallic compound (IMC) Cu6Sn5 during room-t

People in the Arctic as well as fishermen on the polluted Swedish east coast are highly exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These compounds have been shown to affect the sperm Y:X chromosome ratio. In present study, the aim was to investigate whether polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 1,1,-dichloro-2,2,-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDE) influence sperm sex chromosome rati

The proteoglycan decorin stabilizes collagen whereas biglycan and hyaluronan disrupt well-organized collagen. The aim was to determine the concentrations of these constituents in fetal membranes in relation to gestational age, preterm labour, PPROM and chorioamnionitis.

Off-state drain leakage current has been investigated for InGaAs-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with different drain configurations, InGaAs, and InP, respectively. The introduction of an InP drain presents a lower leakage current compared to InGaAs drain devices. From temperature dependent measurements, the leakage current mechanisms have been differentiated, and the role

Isothermal calorimetry is a powerful technique for the study of kinetics of physical, chemical, and biological processes, for example, of their temperature dependence. A new heat conduction calorimeter that simultaneously makes measurements on four samples at four different temperatures is presented in this article. Results from tests with four biological systems (milk fermentation, carrot juice s

The aim of this prospective substudy was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of treating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) with radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) compared with antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) as first-line treatment.

The article draws together studies on encyclopaedic expressions throughout history with Foucault's notion of heterotopia, i.e. actually existing utopias or ‘other’, particular spaces that exist besides society's regular spaces and which work according to their own rules. It explores how we can understand contemporary online encyclopaedias, specifically Wikipedia, as digital heterotopias. For this

Due to limited SNR the cerebral applications of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) concept have been sparse. MRI hardware developments have resulted in improved SNR and this may justify a reassessment of IVIM imaging for non-invasive quantification of the cerebral blood volume (CBV) as a first step towards determining the optimal field strength.

Objectives: To investigate associations between autoimmune disorders and Parkinson disease (PD), and to study whether the risk is associated with follow-up time and age. Methods: Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for PD in patients with autoimmune disorders by comparing them to subjects without autoimmune disorders. Results: Among 310,522 patients with a total of 33 conditions o

Precambrian inliers of the Anti-Atlas belt in the southern part of Morocco contain numerous dolerite dyke and sill swarms which were previously poorly dated. Four dykes and two sills dated by the U-Pb TIMS method on baddeleyite and zircon provide the first steps toward a magmatic 'barcode' for the West African Craton (WAC) and constraints on the timing of breakup of the WAC from Precambrian superc

We investigated amorphous Si (ASi) in a boreal wetland in northern Sweden. We found enormous stocks of ASi in the upper soil layers (up to 11% of dry weight), in the form of diatom frustules and plant ASi. A consistent exponential decrease in ASi concentrations was observed with increasing depth in the soil profile. An inverse modeling approach shows that vegetation takes up a substantial part of

This study aims to compare and validate two soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer (SVAT) schemes: TERRA-ML and the Community Land Model (CLM). Both SVAT schemes are run in standalone mode (decoupled from an atmospheric model) and forced with meteorological in-situ measurements obtained at several tropical African sites. Model performance is quantified by comparing simulated sensible and latent heat

Folding of the ribosomal protein S6 is a malleable process controlled by two competing, and partly overlapping, folding nuclei. Together, these nuclei extend over most of the S6 structure, except the edge strand beta 2, which is consistently missing in the folding transition states; despite being part of the S6 four-stranded sheet, beta 2 seems not to be part of the cooperative unit of the protein

The proportion dominance effect (PDE) refers to a higher motivation to help when the victims are part of a small (you can help 56 out of 60) rather than a large (you can help 56 out of 560) reference group. In two studies using different experimental paradigms, we investigated possible mediators of the PDE. Study 1 (N = 168) was conducted in three separate steps in order to test each link of the m

Glypicans are multifunctional cell surface proteoglycans involved in several important cellular signalling pathways. Glypican-1 (Gpc1) is the predominant heparan sulphate (HS) proteoglycan in the developing and adult human brain. The two N-linked glycans and the C-terminal domain that attaches the core protein to the cell membrane are not resolved in the Gpc1 crystal structure. Therefore we have s