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Postural control in blinds and in Usher's syndrome

The postural control mechanisms were evaluated in 10 blinds and in 10 subjects with Usher's syndrome. The results were compared with 27 age matched healthy volunteers. In visual conditions the subjects with Usher's syndrome performed worse, but in nonvisual condition they performed equally well as the controls. The results were the same irrespective of whether the tests were performed on a rigid s

Genomic complexity and targeted genes in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly malignant disease with a very short median survival time. Few studies have addressed the underlying somatic mutations, and the genomic landscape of ATC thus remains largely unknown. In the present study, we have ascertained copy number aberrations, gene fusions, gene expression patterns, and mutations in early-passage cells from ten newly established ATC

Significance of Pressor Input from the Human Feet in Lateral Postural Control. The Effect of Hypothermia on Galvanically Induced Body-Sway

The significance to human postural control of pressor information from the feet was investigated during vestibular disturbance in seven normal subjects who were exposed to bipolar biaural galvanic stimulation of the vestibular nerves before and after their feet were anaesthetized with hypothermia. The increase in body sway in the lateral plane induced by the galvanic stimulus was enhanced when the

The dynamics of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in patients with vestibular neuritis

The dynamics of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) were studied in 14 patients at the onset of vestibular neuritis, and at follow-up 1 year later. A velocity step stimulus of 150 degrees/s was used to investigate the VOR time constant and gain, and the results were related to the caloric response. In the acute, vertiginous phase of the disease, the VOR time constant was reduced but was almost norma

Galvanically induced asymmetric optokinetic after-nystagmus

The effect of an asymmetric vestibular input on the symmetry of horizontal optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) was studied in twenty healthy subjects. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was elicited by a whole-field optokinetic drug, rotating at 90 degrees/s, and eye-movements were recorded by a DC electro-oculographic technique (EOG). The ratio of OKAN following right and left-beating OKN respectively wa

Significance of Pressor Input from the Human Feet in Anterior-Posterior Postural Control. The Effect of Hypothermia on Vibration-Induced Body-Sway

The importance to postural control of the mechanoreceptors of the soles was investigated in thirteen healthy subjects. Body-sway velocity was evaluated before and after exposing the subject's feet to hypothermia, and when calf muscles were exposed to vibration at frequencies between 20 and 100 Hz. Subjects were tested both with eyes open and closed. Body-sway velocity was found to increase signifi

Galvanically Induced Body Sway in the Anterior-Posterior Plane

Anterior-posterior body sway was evoked with monopolar bi-aural galvanic stimulus of the vestibular nerves in normal subjects and recorded with a force platform, two experiments being conducted. In an experiment of paired design, 9 normal subjects showed an increase in anterior-posterior sway as compared with lateral sway when exposed to the stimulus. In a second experiment another group of 10 nor

Asymmetric optokinetic afterresponse in patients with small acoustic neurinomas

Directional asymmetry of primary and secondary optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN I and OKAN II, respectively) was studied in 20 patients with small acoustic neurinomas (< or = 20 mm), and results were compared to those for 24 normal controls. The optokinetic afterresponse was induced by 60 s of horizontal whole-field optokinetic stimulation in both directions. Among patients, the optokinetic afterr

Asymmetric optokinetic afterresponse in patients with vestibular neuritis

The symmetry of primary and secondary optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN I and OKAN II, respectively) was studied in 14 patients with vestibular neuritis, as well as in 50 normals. The patients were examined at onset of symptoms and at follow-up 3 and 12 months later. At onset, OKAN was found mainly to reflect the spontaneous nystagmus. Although the spontaneous nystagmus disappeared in all patients

Evaluation of smooth pursuit and voluntary saccades in nitrous oxide-induced narcosis

The effect of inhaling nitrous oxide on pursuit eye movements (PEM) and voluntary saccades was studied in nine healthy subjects. Eye movements were recorded before, during, and 10 min after exposure for 15 min to normoxic mixtures of 14%, 21%, and 28% nitrous oxide. At all concentrations, there was a significant decrease in gain of PEM at a target velocity of 60 degrees/s, the decrease being of co

Reduction of gain and time constant of vestibulo-ocular reflex in man induced by diazepam and thiopental

The effect of intravenous administration of two sedatives, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and thiopental (6.0 mg/kg), on the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in man was investigated on 9 volunteers. The VOR was evoked with a velocity step rotation test and gain and time constant of prerotatory and postrotatory nystagmus were measured. Both drugs reduced VOR gain. Diazepam-induced reduction lasted 8 h and thiop

Reduction of the time constant in the VOR as a protective mechanism in acute vestibular lesions

Fourteen patients with vestibular neuritis were examined at onset of symptoms and after one year. Postrotatory time constant and gain in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) were measured after rotation with a velocity step of 150 deg/s. There was no significant difference in gain towards the healthy side at onset of the disease compared to recordings after one year. The time constant towards the hea

Dynamic Performance of Vibration Induced Anterior-Posterior Sway during Upright Posture in Normal Subjects

Human postural control works as a dynamic feedback control system. The dynamic performance of postural control for anterior-posterior movements during upright posture are defined by three parameters. These parameters reflect the stiffness, the damping and the swiftness of a response to an induced perturbation. In the present study 23 normal subjects were investigated. Both with open and closed eye

Effects of intravenous diazepam and thiopental on the vestibulo-ocular reflex in man

The effects of i.v. injection of diazepam 0.3 mg/kg and thiopental 6.0 mg/kg on vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) were studied in 9 healthy volunteers. One hour after injection of both diazepam and thiopental VOR gain was reduced and time constant shortened. Four hours after intravenous injection of diazepam the VOR gain was still significantly reduced and had not yet returned to control 8 h after inj

The relationship between caloric response, oculomotor dysfunction and size of cerebello-pontine angle tumours

Seventy-nine consecutive patients, 70 patients with acoustic neurinomas (ACN) and 9 patients with cerebello-pontine angle tumours of other etiology (o-CPA) were analysed with respect to tumour size and the result of the caloric and oculomotor tests. The size of the tumour was judged by the largest diameter calculated from the computerized tomography. A highly significant linear relationship betwee