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Two conservation laws for mutual information in terms of directed informations between two synchronized sequences of random variables are derived, the first for the case of no conditioning and the second for the case of causal conditioning on a third synchronized sequence. As a byproduct of the derivation of the first conservation law, the directed information specifying the feedback flowing from
The book contains the first part of an investigation aimed at finding out why it is morally wrong (at least prima facie) to cause species to go extinct. That it is morally wrong seems to be a very basic and widely held intuition. It seems reasonable that a moral theory worth taking seriously ought to be able to account for that intuition. The most common attempt to answer our question is to refer
Popular Abstract in Swedish Lillhjärnans kontroll av klassisk betingning Klassisk betingning är en enkel och fundamental form av inlärning. Ett neutralt betingat stimulus (eng. conditioned stimulus eller CS), som t.e.x en ton, presenteras tillsammans med ett obetingat stimulus (unconditioned stimulus eller US), som alltid utlöser en specifik respons (eng. unconditioned response eller UR). Det kanIt has previously been shown that the cerebellum is critical for classical conditioning. The experiments presented in this thesis aimed to study how the cerebellum controls conditioned eyeblink responses (CRs) and specifically the efferent path from the cerebellar cortex to the muscles. Ferrets, decerebrated rostral to the superior colliculus and the red nucleus, were trained in a classical condit
Zeaxanthin, a carotenoid in the xanthophyll cycle, has been suggested to play a role in the protection against photodestruction. We have studied the importance of the parameters involved in zeaxanthin formation by comparing spinach plants grown in low light (100 to 250 mol m-2 s-1) to plants transferred to high light (950 mol m-2 s-1). Different parameters were followed for a total of 11 days. Our
Popular Abstract in Swedish Allmän Introduktion Hormonkänsligt lipas (HKL/HSL) är det protein (enzym) som hydrolyserar (bryter ner) det fett som finns lagrat inne i fettcellerna i fettväven. HSL finns också i steroidproducerande vävnader, som t.ex. binjure, äggstockar, moderkaka och testikel, och har troligtvis en viktig funktion i steroidsyntesen i åtminstone vissa av dessa vävnader. Det är dock Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a key enzyme in adipose tissue that hydrolyses stored fat (triacylglycerol). The activity of HSL is under strict hormonal and neural control. Lipolytic agents, such as catecholamines, increase the cAMP levels, resulting in an activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which in turn phosphorylates and activates HSL. This thesis describes the structural orga
Popular Abstract in English All ordinary matter around us is made out of atoms. In turn, the building blocks of the atoms are nowadays known to be three types of particles:electrons, protons and neutrons. The latter are called nucleons, as they together form the positively charged nucleus of the atom, around which the electrons are moving. The radius of the nucleus is about three orders of magnituComprehensive experimental knowledge of the 62Zn nucleus has been obtained from the combined statistics of four different experiments. The Gammasphere Ge-detector array in conjunction with the 4pi charged-particle detector array Microball was used to detect the gamma-rays in coincidence with evaporated light charged particles. In total twenty seven band structures have been observed in 62Zn, twent
Den moderna teologins förutsättningar kom att förändras på många sätt av postmodernismens ifrågasättande av människan, språket, kunskapen och historien som entydigt givna storheter. Den postmoderna teologin kastar nytt ljus över klassiska teologiska frågeställningar och över dolda eller glömda delar av den teologiska traditionen. Här ges oanade möjligheter för en kulturteologi som på allvar griper
Cultural perspectives on biotechnology, patents and trademarks.
This book chapter contains an analysis of the innovation processes in the food area in Sweden. It is part of a book comparing centers of excellence in innovation i Europe and their similarities and differences concerning innovation dynamics
