The dopamine (DA) precursor, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA), is the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), but causes dyskinesias (abnormal involuntary movements) in the vast majority of patients. There is a wide consensus that L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) depends on both pre- and postsynaptic disturbances of the nigrostriatal DA transmission. Presynaptically, LID is ass

The purpose of this book chapter is to give the reader a thorough background to the fundamentals and applications of pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) for the analysis of bioactive compounds. The chapter summarizes the field for 2009-2014 and includes fundamentals of water as a solvent; equipment; method optimization; a few selected applications; hyphenations and future aspects. It is highli

Agricultural fertilization significantly affects arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community composition. However, the functional implications of community shifts are unknown, limiting understanding of the role of AMF in agriculture. We assessed AMF community composition at four sites managed under the same nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer regimes for 55 yr. We also established a glass

Mixing plays an important role in the Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test, but only limited efforts have been put into it. In this study, various mixing strategies were applied to evaluate the influences on the BMP test, i.e., no mixing, shaking in water bath, shake manually once per day (SKM), automated unidirectional and bidirectional mixing. The results show that the effects of mixing are

The cross section asymmetry of C12(γ,p01)B11 and C12(γ,p2−6)B11 reactions has been studied at the energy range 40–55 MeV, using linearly polarized tagged photons of the MAX-lab facility. The asymmetry of the C12(γ,p01)B11 processes, which assume the one-body mechanism of the reaction, is Σ≈0.82±0.05 for photon energies 45–50 MeV. The asymmetry for the C12(γ,p2−6)B11 reactions, which produce a maxi

Urban source separation infrastructure systems have a promising potential for a more sustainable management of household food waste and wastewaters. A renewed trend of larger implementations of pilot areas with such systems is currently emerging in Northern Europe. This study investigates the drivers behind the decision of stakeholders to implement source separation systems as well as the importan

This study explored the application of localized electric fields for reversible directed self-assembly of colloidal particles in 3 dimensions. Electric field microgradients, arising from the use of micro-patterned electrodes, were utilized to direct the localization and self-assembly of polarizable (charged) particles resulting from a combination of dielectrophoretic and multipolar forces. Deioniz

With Voyager1 crossing the outer boundary of our solar system at the end of 2012, for the first time in the instrumental era an unmodulated local interstellar spectrum (LIS) at galactic particle energies below ~500 MeV has been measured. On the basis of these as well as Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) and Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS02) measurem

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a research tool, used more and more in clinical practice, as it provides objective information with respect to the tissues being imaged. Pixel-wise T1 quantification (T1 mapping) of the myocardium is one such application with diagnostic significance. A number of mapping sequences have been developed for myocardial T1 mapping with a wide range in ter

The self-assembly of a mannose-labelled bile salt derivative gives rise to a metastable nematic phase of monodisperse nanotubes in aqueous solutions that are characterized by a crystalline order. This work is addressed to study the relative stability of these tubular aggregates in order to have full control of such a system for possible applications. By using a static light scattering method we ev

This issue's letter discusses the proper use of sampling in software engineering research surveys.

Low androgen levels may contribute to sexual dysfunction in women after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). However, data on serum androgens in women after alloHCT are limited. The aim of this study was to assess androgen levels and their association with chronic GvHD (cGvHD) and glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. Included were 65 allografted women, 33 with cGvHD, and 23 of these we

Online 3D reconstruction has been an active research area for a long time. Since the release of the Microsoft Kinect Camera and publication of KinectFusion [11] attention has been drawn how to acquire dense models in real-time. In this paper we present a method to make online 3D reconstruction which increases robustness for scenes with little structure information and little texture information. I

Adult height and sitting height may reflect genetic and environmental factors, including early life nutrition, physical and social environments. Previous studies have reported divergent associations for height and chronic disease mortality, with positive associations observed for cancer mortality but inverse associations for circulatory disease mortality. Sitting height might be more strongly asso

The introduction of a historical canon and national tests is described by the Danish government as “minor necessary changes”. The article investigates that statement byapplying a historical perspective in relation to the status of the subject of history, its purpose, its disciplinarity, and the content of the tuition. There is in fact a radically new way of thinking about and practising subjects,

Objective: European cancer survival rates vary widely. System factors, including whether or not primary care physicians (PCPs) are gatekeepers, may account for some of these differences. This study explores where patients who may have cancer are likely to present for medical care in different European countries, and how probability of presentation to a primary care clinician correlates with cancer

Background: In view of the paucity of clinical evidence, in vitro studies are needed to find antibiotic combinations effective against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Interpretation of in vitro effects is usually based on bacterial growth after 24 h in time-kill and checkerboard experiments. However, the clinical relevance of the effects observed in vitro is not established. In this st