Inverse homogenization in combination with contact modeling, topology optimization and shape optimization is used to design metamaterials with optimized macroscopic response. The homogenization assumes length scale separation which allows the non-linear macroscopic behavior to be obtained by analyzing a single unit cell in a lattice structure. Self contact in the unit cell, which is modeled using

We discuss the stochastic gravitational-wave spectrum from dark confinement and chiral phase transitions in the early Universe. Specifically, we look at pure Yang-Mills theory for an arbitrary number of colours as well as SU(3) with quarks in different representations. We utilise thermodynamic Lattice data and map it to effective models, such as the Polyakov-loop and the PNJL model. This allows us

The era of urban artificial intelligences has begun. It is already difficult to imagine urban futures without artificial intelligence (AI). In this final chapter, we draw on the volume’s empirical findings to explore the repercussions of urban AI and give evidence of how the emergence of AI in cities is reshaping urban society, urban infrastructure, urban governance, urban planning and urban susta

One of the most spectacular displays of social behavior is the synchronized movements that many animal groups perform to travel, forage and escape from predators. However, elucidating the neural mechanisms underlying the evolution of collective behaviors, as well as their fitness effects, remains challenging. Here, we study collective motion patterns with and without predation threat and predator

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves several classes of pathogenic autoantibodies, some of which react with type-II collagen (COL2) in articular cartilage. We previously described a subset of COL2 antibodies targeting the F4 epitope (ERGLKGHRGFT) that could be regulatory. Here, using phage display, we developed recombinant antibodies against this epitope and examined the underlying mechanism of acti

This study presents a thermodynamically consistent continuum damage model for fiber-based materials that combines elastoplasticity and damage mechanisms to simulate the nonlinear mechanical behavior under in-plane loading. The anisotropic plastic response is characterized by a non-quadratic yield surface composed of six sub-surfaces, providing flexibility in defining plastic properties and accurac

The Furongian Słowińska Formation in Poland yielded minute three-dimensionally preserved, phosphatic fossils. Based on shape and structure, two distinct types are identified. The first type comprises sinuously folded, coiled, or spiral string-shaped specimens, interpreted as faecal material, coprolites. The specimens measure between less than one and two mm, the strings being long and against thei

Methyl isopropyl ketone (MIPK) is the simplest branched ketone and a promising biofuel. In this work, laminar burning velocities (SL) of MIPK + air flames were measured using the heat flux method at atmospheric pressure, over initial mixture temperatures of 298–358 K and equivalence ratios of 0.7–1.4. With the help of the temperature dependence of the SL, data inconsistency between the present mea

How do science teachers perceive student engagement and its importance for teaching and what strategies do they use to create it? When 21 experienced science teachers in 4 focus groups discussed these questions, they brought up behavioural aspects, but also less visible emotional and cognitive aspects, as well as reciprocal aspects of teacher and student engagement. One teacher described engagemen

Collisionless dark matter only (DMO) structure formation simulations predict that dark matter (DM) haloes are prolate in their centres and triaxial towards their outskirts. The addition of gas condensation transforms the central DM shape to be rounder and more oblate. It is not clear, however, whether such shape transformations occur in 'ultra-faint' dwarfs, which have extremely low baryon fractio

In past years efforts have concentrated on the development of arrays of Silicon Drift Detectors for X-ray spectroscopy. This is in stark contrast to the little effort that has been devoted to the improvement of germanium detectors, in particular for synchrotron applications. Germanium detectors have better energy resolution and are more efficient in detecting high energy photons than silicon detec

Evidence about the environmental impacts of shared mobility is fragmented and scattered. In this article a systematic literature review is presented. The review focuses on assessments that use Life-Cycle Assessment to quantify the environmental impacts of car sharing, carpooling, bikesharing, and scooter/moped sharing. The results of these assessments were analyzed, as well as the factors that inf

This study presents a novel approach to forming low-resistance ohmic contacts for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The optimized contacts exhibit an outstanding contact resistance of approximately 0.15 Ω·mm. This is achieved by firstly recessing the barrier of the heterostructure to a depth beyond the channel. In this way, the channel region is exposed on the sidewall of the recess. The coverage of the Ti/Al/Ti o

Visibility in smoke is a key aspect in terms of safe egress in various fire related situations. Due to the hazardous nature of fire induced smoke, it is hard to study human behaviour under such conditions, but recent development within the field of virtual reality (VR) has enabled exposure to many different hazardous conditions while remaining relatively safe. However, to obtain valid results from

Introduction: Until now, the mechanism underlying the impact of topping on hormone regulation in tobacco plants remains unclear, and most studies investigating the hormone signaling pathways in plants rely on genes or transcriptional pathways. Methods: This study examines the regulatory mechanisms of hormones in the roots and leaves of tobacco plants with and without topping at the protein level.

Purpose: Steadily increasing use of computational/virtual phantoms in medical physics has motivated expanding development of new simulation methods and data representations for modelling human anatomy. This has emphasized the need for increased realism, user control, and availability. In breast cancer research, virtual phantoms have gained an important role in evaluating and optimizing imaging sys

Background and purpose: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a promising treatment for patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) who do not respond to standard treatments. However, the management of respiratory motion during treatment remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate the effect of abdominal compression (AC) on respiratory induced motion in the heart. Materials

Abstract: In this work, we utilise grand canonical Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations, to establish pore-induced freezing of restricted primitive model fluids. A planar pore model is utilised, with walls that are initially neutral, and either non-conducting or perfectly conducting. The phase of the confined electrolyte (solid/fluid) displays an oscillatory dependence on surface separation, in narr

GaN-based power devices operating at high currents and high voltages are critically affected by the dissipation of Joule heat generated in the active regions. Consequently, knowledge of GaN thermal conductivity is crucial for effective thermal management, needed to ensure optimal device performance and reliability. Here, we present a study on the thermal conductivity of bulk GaN in crystallographi