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This thesis deals with the information-structural problems native speakers of Swedish have when producing texts in German as their second or foreign language (L2). The study is based on written production data from Swedish learners of German at the initial state (14-year-olds), at intermediate level (16-year-olds) and at advanced level (20-25-year-olds). These data are compared with Swedish and Ge

Complement deficiencies and systemic lupus erythematosus

The complement system involves both the innate and the adaptive immune systems and has important roles in the pathogenesis of SLE. Complement deficiencies within the classical pathway (C1q, C4 and C2) of activation predispose for development of the autoimmune disease SLE. The association between complement deficiencies and SLE could be explained by several mechanisms, including impaired clearance

Affinity partitioning for membrane purification exploiting the biotin-NeutrAvidin interaction - Model study of mixed liposomes and membranes

Biotinylated negatively charged liposomes as well as membranes were affinity partitioned in an aqueous poly(ethylene glycol)-dextran two-phase system using NeutrAvidin conjugated to dextran as affinity ligand. Both liposomes and membranes redistributed from top to bottom phase upon addition of NeutrAvidin-dextran. The presence of 35-60 mM Li2SO4 was necessary both to force the components into the

Protein FOG at the interface between G streptococci and human host defence lines

Group G streptococci (GGS) may be of four different species and may infect humans and also animals. S. dysgalactiae equisimilis most commonly cause human GGS infections. These bacteria are part of the normal flora, but can cause pharyngitis, erysipelas and impetigo. In the immunocompromised host severe conditions, such as sepsis and necrotising fasciitis, may develop. In this thesis the interactio

Salmeterol, formoterol, and salbutamol in the isolated guinea pig trachea: differences in maximum relaxant effect and potency but not in functional antagonism

BACKGROUND--Formoterol and salmeterol are new long acting beta 2 adrenoceptor agonists. The maximum relaxant effect, potency and functional antagonism against carbachol induced contraction for salmeterol, formoterol and salbutamol have been compared in the guinea pig isolated trachea. In addition, the possibility of inducing a non-beta adrenoceptor mediated relaxation by salmeterol was studied. ME

Prostataspecifikt antigen--den viktigaste cancermarkören. Diagnostik och uppföljning av prostatacancer har förändrats markant.

Vid de nivåer av PSA (prostataspecifikt antigen) där en botbar prostatacancer eventuellt skulle kunna diagnostiseras är godartad prostataförstoring vanligare än cancer. Urinvägsinfektioner ger ofta en påtaglig och långvarig ökning av PSA. Vid undersökningsfynd eller symtom som inger misstanke om prostatacancer ska PSA alltid analyseras. Screening med PSA för tidig diagnostik av prostatacancer utvä

Characterisation and Applications of Ultrashort Extreme Ultraviolet Pulses

When a strong laser field interacts with free atoms, harmonics up to very high orders are created. This extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation has interesting properties, such as spatial and temporal coherence, short pulse duration and high brightness. This thesis concentrates on the temporal aspects of this radiation. A method to characterise the pulse duration and time-dependent frequency (chirp)

Crystal violet binding, cell surface properties and extracellular enzyme profiles of Staphylococcus aureus producing toxic shock syndrome toxin-1

Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinically diagnosed cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) showed susceptibility to phage types belonging to both I and III groups (90.5%). Phage typing patterns showed a wide diversity among 87 toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) positive strains isolated from different non TSS clinical sources. Toxin producing strains isolated from both TSS and non TSS showed

Optimizing route choice for lowest fuel consumption - Potential effects of a new driver support tool

Today, driver support tools intended to increase traffic safety, provide the driver with convenient information and guidance, or save time are becoming more common. However, few systems have the primary aim of reducing the environmental effects of driving. The aim of this project was to estimate the potential for reducing fuel consumption and thus the emission of CO, through a navigation system wh

Characterization of nanostructured binary molybdenum oxide catalyst precursors for propene oxidation

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy characterization of molybdenum oxide catalyst precursors is carried out for a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to the active catalytic material. The precipitated material consists of both large-unit cell crystals and randomly orientated clusters on a 3-5 nm scale. The crystalline clusters are embedded in non-crystalline material, preve

V1 Declaratives in Spoken Swedish : Syntax, Information Structure, and Prosodic Pattern

Popular Abstract in Swedish Svenskan är ett s.k. V2-språk, dvs. det tempusböjda verbet står på andra plats i en deklarativ sats (en påståendesats) oavsett vilken typ av led som står i satsens första position. V1-ordföljd, där det tempusböjda verbet alltså står först i satsen, förknippas normalt med interrogativa satser (frågesatser) av typen ja/nej-frågor, t.ex. "Kommer du på fredag?". Icke desto The topic of the present thesis is V1 declaratives in spoken Swedish. Such constructions constitute an interesting object for research due to the fact that Swedish is a V2 language where V1 word order is grammaticalized for yes/no questions. Hitherto we have lacked a thorough study of the phenomenon. Therefore this thesis aims at investigating V1 declaratives in spoken Swedish from different point

Pterocarpans from Bituminaria bituminosa and Bituminaria morisiana.

The aerial parts of Mediterranean papilionaceous plants Bituminaria morisiana and B. bituminosa afforded, along with known phenolics, the prenylated pterocarpans bitucarpin A and B, whose structure was elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. A known isoflavonoid (8-prenyldaidzein) was also obtained for the first time as a genuine plant constituent. The accumulation of pterocarpans at the expense o

Angiotensin II type 1 receptors stimulate protein synthesis in human cardiac fibroblasts via a Ca2+-sensitive PKC-dependent tyrosine kinase pathway

The aim of the present study was to investigate the proliferative effects of Ang II in human cardiac fibroblasts. The effects of Ang II in human cardiac fibroblasts on the 3H-thymidine incorporation, the cell number, the 3H-leucine incorporation and the total protein content were measured. The expression of receptor mRNA was performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). An

Site control of InAs quantum dots on a patterned InP surface: As/P exchange reactions

In this paper. we present the effect of annealing temperature and annealing time on InAs site-controlled quantum dot growth. Individual InAs quantum dots formed by self-assembling have been positioned into holes, created by partial overgrowth of electron beam induced nano-carbon deposits by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. As/P exchange reactions produce material sufficient for selective dot nuc

MIMO Frequency Selective Channels with Multiple Frequency Offsets: Estimation and Detection Techniques

Channel gains and frequency offsets are estimated in a multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) scenario, allowing for more than one path between the transmit and the receive antennas, with each path possibly having a different frequency offset. Such a scenario may arise due to Doppler shift associated with various multipaths. Here, the general case is examined and an approximate maximum likeliho