Purpose: To investigate the relative importance of spatial resolution and noise on the image quality of clinical radiographs. Methods: The spatial resolution and noise of fifteen digitised lumbar spine radiographs were altered with image processing. Three different MTF curves and three different Wiener spectra were combined into seven different combinations of spatial resolution and noise. These s

Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is induced in isolated brain mitochondria by calcium and oxidants and is inhibited by adenine nucleotides. When induced, MPT is associated with equilibration of solutes of

This chapter does not deal with any practical aspects of light measurement, only with theoretical concepts. The following concepts are explained: energy fluence , energy fluence rate, photon fluence, photon fluence rate and radiance, mol, as well as the following superflu-ous or obsolete terms and synonyms: actinic flux, space irradiance, scalar irradiance, spherical irradiance, vectorial irradian

Modern military multi-role combat aircrafts need an emergency power system (EPU) to maintain back-up power supply for all normal and degraded flight modes. The reason for this requirement is that modern combat aircrafts are designed with built-in relaxed or negative stability. Inability of the Flight Control System to perform continuous, corrective control surface actuation, due to loss of power

This chapter provides the first all-European overview of diverse aspects of living standards in a period when industrialisation and modernity began to show up in substantial improvements in general living conditions. Most obvious is this seen in the increase of life expectancy. A substantial contribution came from the decline in infant mortality which occurred almost simultaneously over large part

We present CasADi, a free, open-source software tool for rapid, yet efficient solution of optimization problems in general and dynamic optimization problems in particular. To the developer of algorithms for numerical optimization and to the advanced user of such algorithms, it offers a level of abstraction which is notably lower, and hence more flexible, than that of algebraic modeling languages s

The purpose of this work is the enhancement of performance by a new design of monolithic heat exchangers under steady-state operating conditions. Heat transfer phenomena and hydrodynamics have been studied and visualized by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Further, a simple gas distribution system has been analyzed in purpose to find the best performance of the exchanger. To achieve this, 3D si

The understanding of condensation of multiple bubbles is of importance to improve the continuum models for the large-scale subcooled flow boiling. The CFD modeling for condensation of multiple bubbles has been developed with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method in this work. An explicit transient simulation is performed to solve the governing equations along with the VOF equation and source terms for

The effect of initial texture on the stored energy is investigated. Uniaxially loaded polycrystalline materials with initial textures based on the Goss component and the Brass component are analyzed. For reference purposes a single crystal and an initial isotropic crystal orientation distribution are also analyzed. Special attention is directed at the thermomechanical behavior of polycrystalline m

MIMO technology has facilitated tremendous performance improvements in wireless communications, allowing the data rate to increase linearly with the number of antennas used, at no additional expense in transmit power or spectrum. However, the tremendous performance gain can only be achieved by multi-antenna designs that provide low coupling and correlation, as well as high total efficiency. Such d

Despite the recognised importance of the concept of acceptance, how and why new technologies are actually accepted by drivers is not well understood. While many studies claim to have measured acceptance, few have defined what it is. The chapter points out the importance of defining acceptance and categorizes the definitions that have been used according to their “essence” and the various dimension

Using the molecular imprinting approach, we have shown that polyacrylamide-based artificial antibodies against human and bovine hemoglobin have a very high selectivity, as revealed by the free-zone electrophoresis in a revolving capillary. By the same technique we have previously synthesized gel antibodies not only against proteins but also against viruses and bacteria. The synthesis is thus unive

The Ziegler-Nichols step response method is based on theidea of tuning controllers based on simple features of thestep response. In this paper this idea is investigated fromthe point of view of robust loop shaping. The results are:insight into the properties of PI and PID control andsimple tuning rules that give robust performance for processes with essentially monotone step responses.

Background: Patients with alcohol and other drug use disorders (AOD) frequently have multiple social, physical, and mental health treatment needs, yet have difficulty accessing community services, including drug abuse treatment. One strategy for linking patients with AOD with relevant services is case management, where a single case manager is responsible for linking patients with multiple relevan

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kvinnor som har slutat röka löper ökad risk att drabbas av bröstcancer. Denna slutsats baseras på en uppföljning av drygt 10.000 kvinnor som på 70- och 80-talen deltog i en hälsoundersökning på avdelningen för Förebyggande Medicin i Malmö. Genom att samköra denna databas med det svenska cancerregistret har det varit möjligt att spåra hur många av rökarna, ex-rökarna ochEx-smokers are exposed to a higher breast cancer risk than are never smokers. This conclusion is based on a follow-up of the 10 902 women in the Malmö Preventive Project. The 31% higher incidence in ex-smokers remained statistically significant when other risk factors were taken into account in the analysis. In both smokers and ex-smokers there was an increased incidence of oestrogen receptor nega