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Fixed-term work in Nordic labour law

This article describes the regulation of fixed-term work and its most recent developments in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Regulations are analyzed against the background of the Fixed-term Work Directive 1999/70/EC.

Stability analysis of transportation networks with multiscale driver decisions

Stability of Wardrop equilibria is analyzed for dynamical transportation networks in which the drivers' route choices are influenced by information at multiple temporal and spatial scales. The considered model involves a continuum of indistinguishable drivers commuting between a common origin/destination pair in an acyclic transportation network. The drivers' route choices are affected by their, r

Water saturation modeling in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells using a validated approach

In this work, a 3D model of a PEM fuel cell has been developed for water saturation and its effects using a validated approach considering the internal movement of water across the membrane. For different operating levels, it was found that at lower current densities, the maximum saturation occurs faraway region from the air inlet because of the decrease in ability of air to evaporate the liquid w

Diversity-rich compact UWB MIMO antenna for USB dongles

A compact dual-element antenna suitable for ultrawideband (UWB) MIMO operation is proposed in this work. The size of the antenna is 25 mm by 40 mm and it covers the lower UWB band of 3.15-5.15 GHz. Apart from the inherent wideband isolation obtained through the different angle and polarization characteristics in the radiation patterns of the individual elements, the gap between the two antenna ele