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BACKGROUND: HLA-DR4, a common antigen of HLA-DRB1, has multiple subtypes that are strongly associated with risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, some are risk neutral or resistant. The pathobiological mechanism of HLA-DR4 subtypes remains to be elucidated.METHODS: We used a population-based case-control study of T1D (962 patients and 636 controls) to decipher genetic associations of HLA-DR4 subt

Chile has been one of the richest Latin American countries since nineteenth century. Gifted with enormous amount of Natural Resources (NNRR), its growth is linked to the exploitation of these resources and exports related to the primary economic sector, however, besides to this lack of diversification, industrial sector has played a relevant role in this country and its development is crucial to u

The chapter maintains that 20th-century decolonisation, unlike previous historical episodes wherein particular empires were resisted and declined, represented a critical juncture at which the very idea of empire was substantively challenged and radically rejected. It led to the establishment of a large number of postcolonial states and signified a decisive reshaping of the international system—bot

A growing line of research has shown that individuals can regulate emotional biases in risky judgment and decision-making processes through cognitive reappraisal. In the present study, we focus on a specific tactic of reappraisal known as distancing. Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion and the emotion regulation literature, we examine how distancing moderates the relationship between fear and

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we aim to identify and understand the obstacles and barriers in applying electronic exams successfully in the process of distance education. We followed an exploratory descriptive approach through a questionnaire (one general, open question) with a sample of university teachers and students in four of the largest universities Palestinian in Gaza. A total of

The Nordic feminist perspectives in law have traditionally been relatively successful in advocating, and effectuating, a feminist perspective of justice both within law and the society. However, Nordic feminist perspectives of law have at least to some degree, at this stage been limited to questions of equality between men and women and to the production of justice within the boundaries of the nat

OBJECTIVES: Degenerative mitral valve disease is the most common indication for mitral valve repair in the Western world. The aim of this study was to study the long term outcome of mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral valve regurgitation in Iceland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 101 consecutive mitral valve repair patients (average age 57.7 years, 80.2% male) operated in I

It has been observed that some of the rules in a generative grammar of a language reflect changes that have occurred in the language and furthermore that the order of applying some rules reflects the chronology of the historical changes. 1 The synchronic grammar may reflect changes of various time depths and does not mirror the whole history or a certain period of the history completely. Some rule

OBJECTIVE: To describe data completeness, targeting and reliability of the Swedish version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure Self-Report (s-SCIM-SR). DESIGN: Translation and reliability study. SUBJECTS: Programme participants (n = 48) and peer mentors (n = 42) with spinal cord injury enrolled in the INTERnational Project for the Evaluation of "activE Rehabilitation" (inter-PEER). METHODS: Th

Ecological Focus Areas (EFAs) to benefit biodiversity became mandatory in intensively farmed landscapes after the reform of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 2013. The implementation of EFAs as uncropped field margins has been criticized as ineffective but created a window of opportunity to test if augmenting them with annual flower strips can benefit biodiversity. In this study, we

Our aesthetic response to the Universe, and the complexity of concepts through which we understand it, are inherently bound together in how we meaningfully interpret its nature. Over millennia the abstracted and intangible concepts of science have been developed and communicated through a rich array of representations across a variety of modes. The interpretation of such representations is a compl

Male humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are known to produce long complex sequences of structured vocalizations called song. Singing behavior has traditionally been associated with low latitude breeding grounds but is increasingly reported outside these areas. This study provides the first report of humpback whale songs in the subarctic waters of Northern Norway using a long-term bottom-moor

Objective: Female childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of several late effects, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The objective is to study if POI is associated with risk of MetS and increased cardiovascular risk in CSS. Design: A cross-sectional study with a median time since the cancer diagnosis of 25 (12-41) years. Patients and controls were re

Blog: A resourcification manifestoIn a world of nearly 10 billion people, the competition for resources is likely to become fierce. Food, energy, and material, but also power, freedom and knowledge. Where will these resources come from? Our answer is: social processes that turn things into resources. Resources do not simply exist. They become, and we label resourcification the social processes of

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