Introduction: Phytates are nutrient-binding compounds found mainly in cereals and legumes, which may significantly contribute to micronutrient malnutrition in regions where phytate-rich cereals, such as maize, are staple food.Objectives: This study investigated how maize fermentation, both alone and in combination with soaking and germination, can reduce phytate levels and enhance the estimated bi

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a critical role in the immune response against pathogens. Its high polymorphism is thought to be mainly the consequence of host-pathogen co-evolution, but elucidating the mechanism(s) driving MHC evolution remains challenging for natural populations. We investigated the diversity of MHC class II genes in a wild population of pied flycatchers Ficedul

This reply explores issues with documenting prosodic structures given their unique relationship with metalinguistic knowledge. New evidence and perspectives are incorporated into a deeper investigation of Budai Rukai and the analytical decisions that underlie its reanalyzed prosodic system. This case study is then taken as a basis for discussion of a possible standardized protocol for the document

Villkor för kvinnor under 1800-talet

Flight behaviours of birds have been extensively studied from different angles such as their kinematics, aerodynamics and, more generally, their migration patterns. Nevertheless, much is still unknown about the daily foraging flight activity and behaviour of breeding birds, and potential differences among males and females. The recent development of miniaturized accelerometers allows us a glimpse

Background and Aims: Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with a disturbed intestinal barrier. Permeability studies have focused on inert molecules, but little is known about transepithelial transport of macromolecules with antigenic potential in humans. The aim of this study was to quantify permeation and to characterize passage routes for macromolecules in ileal mucosa in CD. Methods: Noninflamed

The partition of 125I-labelled pancreatic trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase between the inhibitors, α2-macroglobulin f and s, α1-protease inhibitor, α2-antitrypsin, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor and the specific sow colostrum protease inhibitor, was studied in vitro by gradually increasing the concentration of these proteases in blood serum from adult and newborn pigs. As revealed by immunoelectropho

Objective: To evaluate the barrier properties of intestinal mucosa chronically exposed to urine and to evaluate possible differences between ileal and colonic segments used in the reconstruction of the urinary tract. Materials and methods: Mucosal specimens from patients with continent reservoirs with an abdominal stoma, or orthotopic neobladders constructed from colonic segments, were obtained at

1. 1. Endogenous phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors in human plasma and in plasma from the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) were demonstrated. 2. 2. The PLA2 activity increased 45-fold in human plasma when a PLA2 binding factor was removed. Furthermore, two peaks of PLA2 inhibitory activity were found after DEAE-chromatography. 3. 3. High levels of PLA2 inhibitory activity was found in plasma from t

Substantial progress has been made in understanding the rate, the pathways, and the mechanisms regulating alveolar protein removal from the uninjured lung. Whole animal studies and cellular studies have demonstrated that the majority of alveolar epithelial protein clearance occurs by passive nondegradative diffusional pathways. Some evidence, however, has been recently presented that alveolar epit

The possible role of CORTISOL in development of the exocrine pancreas was investigated. In the first study, fetal pigs were removed from the uterus by caesarean section (pentobarbitone anesthesia) and the pancreas collected from 51 69 to 109-day-old fetuses (term = 114 ± 2 days). Of these, 15 88 to 90-day-old fetuses had been infused subcutaneously for 6 days with either saline, adrenocorticotropi

A comparative study of antibacterial activity of pancreatic juice was conduced on six mammalian species. Pancreatic juice collections were conducted as acute (rabbit, guinea pig, rat) and chronic (pig, sheep, cattle) experiments, in the former before and after stimulation [cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin] and in the latter under basal conditions alone. Antibacterial activity was tested on Micro

Due to the increasing share of older people worldwide, the United Nations has directed an initiative towards a "decade of healthy ageing" to promote "age-friendly environments". This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of how to promote social participation and everyday mobility in later life. The ambition is to increase the knowledge about how to create more age-friendly environments and soDue to the increasing share of older people worldwide, the United Nations has directed an initiative towards a "decade of healthy ageing" to promote "age-friendly environments". This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of how to promote social participation and everyday mobility in later life. The ambition is to increase the knowledge about how to create more age-friendly environments and so