The plasma membrane encloses the cell contents and acts as a barrier between the cell and its environment. The plasma membrane allows a controlled exchange of ions and solutes with the rest of the organism and its surroundings, and plays an active role in many processes, such as plant development, pathogen resistance and frost-hardiness.

Applications of genetic algorithms (GAs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) in thermal engineering have received much attention. Compact heat exchangers (CHEs) have special merits of high-performance and compactness and are widely used in various applications of energy and power engineering. This chapter demonstrates optimization design of a plate-fin heat changer and performance prediction of

Många av de dolda observationer som Erving Goffman och andra sociologer gjorde på 1950- och 1960-talen skulle i dag knappast ha kunnat genomföras av etiska skäl. Mot den bakgrunden kommer jag i föreliggande text att reflektera över hur skönlitteratur kan användas för att komma bakom de fasader som skyddar backstage från insyn. Skönlitteratur används då som ett slags ställföreträdande erfarenhet fö

This paper describes a comprehensive statistical model for UWB propagation channels that is valid for a frequency range from 3-10 GHz. It is based on measurements and simulations in the following environments: residential indoor, office indoor, built-up outdoor, industrial indoor, farm environments, and body area networks. The model is independent of the used antennas. It includes the frequency de

In 1975 Mozambique attained its independence from Portugal, but it was only in 1992 with the establishment of a peace agreement after the extended civil war that the country was able to initiate its development process including the undertaking of research and development (R & D) efforts. Government and international cooperation provided the support for the R & D programmes and projects, m

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Ritualer förknippas ofta med religiöst liv och därför har mycket av studier i ämnet utförts av teologer eller religionshistoriker. Men även inom etnografi och antropologi har riter och ritualer kommit att få en central plats i forskningen, eftersom de så tydligt visar upp en kultur. Här blottläggs maktstrukturer, centrala symboler visas upp, könsrollsmönster tydliggörs och utbytessystem skapas. So

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Popular Abstract in Swedish I denna doktorsavhandling i sociologi fokuseras konsthantverkares möjligheter att utöva sina yrken som fria företagare i vårt samtida senmoderna samhälle. Genus lyfts fram som en stark påverkansfaktor för spelet på den arena för konsthantverksproduktion som beskrivs och analyseras här. Utgångspunkt för teoridiskussionen är Bourdeius teori om kulturproducerande fält med This dissertation focuses on the possibilities for artist craftsmen or handicrafters to operate their independent small enterprises under the conditions of late-modern society. It describes and analyses the game in the arena of handicraft production. The powerful influence of gender constructions on this game is considered. The theoretical discussion starts with Bourdieus´ theory about fields of c

Popular Abstract in SwedishMed tonsättaren och musikkritikern Moses Pergament (1893-1977) som biografiskt lod har syftet med denna studie varit att blottlägga och analysera föreställningar om "juden", modernism, nationalism och "ras" i det svenska samhället. Pergament föddes i Helsingfors och växte upp i ett svenskspråkigt judiskt-ortodoxt hem. Han kom till Sverige 1916 och blev svensk medborgare With the composer and music critic Moses Pergament (1893-1977) as a biographical prism, the purpose of this study has been to uncover ideas in Swedish society about nationalism, "the Jew", modernism and "race". Pergament was born in Helsinki, Finland, and grew up in a Swedish-speaking, Jewish orthodox home. He came to Sweden in 1916 and became a Swedish citizen in 1919. Along with his composing, P

In this article I discuss different ways of conceptualising the relation between liberty and law. By ‘law’ I refer throughout to law in the sense of civil law: rules with accompanying sanctions, promulgated by a legislator for the regulation of action in political society. I do not intend to say anything about ‘natural law’, unless I explicitly state otherwise. For the purposes of my argument I wi

This paper discusses the effects of cooled EGR on a turbocharged multi-cylinder HCCI engine. A six-cylinder, 12-liter, Scania D12 truck engine is modified for HCCI operation. It is fitted with port fuel injection of ethanol and n-heptane and cylinder pressure sensors for closed-loop combustion control. The effects of EGR are studied in different operating regimes of the engine. During idle, low sp

This paper explores motivational and cognitive effects of more neutral or androgynous-looking versus more feminine-looking and masculine-looking virtual characters. A user study is presented, in which 158 students, aged 17-19, encountered four virtual characters that were visually manipulated to represent gender stereotypicality versus androgyny. On the one hand we explored students’ attitudes tow