Proteins and other biomolecules contain acidic and basic titratable groups that give rise to intricate charge distributions and control electrostatic interactions. 'Charge regulation' concerns how the proton equilibria of these sites are perturbed when approached by alien molecular matter such as other proteins, surfaces and membranes, DNA, polyelectrolytes etc. Importantly, this perturbation gene

BACKGROUND: Dopamine depletion of the striatum is one of the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. The loss of dopamine upregulates GAD67 expression in the striatal projection neurons and causes other changes in the activity of the basal ganglia circuit. METHODS: To normalize the GAD67 expression in the striatum after dopamine depletion we developed several lentiviral vectors that express RNAi directe

We present a study of tail-bias-current 1/f noise upconversion into 1/f(3) phase noise for both CMOS Colpitts and differential-pair LC oscillators. We focus on the incremental Groszkowski effect, i.e., the modulation of the shift in oscillation frequency induced by the higher current harmonics flowing into the LC tank of a harmonic oscillator induced by bias instabilities, as we show that there is

The loss of aroma components after drying the fruit of Vangueria infausta L. was studied by means of convective air drying and gas chromatography techniques. The samples were dried at 80 degrees C, with an air flow of 3m/s at different drying times in the range of 60 up to 420min. Aroma composition, dry matter, and water activity were measured for each sample throughout the drying time. The study

BackgroundLittle data exist on real-world treatment patterns in psoriasis, especially from European settings. ObjectiveTo estimate, for topicals, systemics and biologics, the time to non-persistency, switching, augmentation and insufficient treatment result (only for biologics), as well as to estimate the time to restart, in patients treated with each treatment class in Sweden based on registry da

It is unknown whether lifestyle, including mental stimulation, and appropriate training interventions, may directly improve spatial navigation performance and its underlying neural substrates. Here we report that healthy younger and older men performing a cognitively demanding spatial navigation task every other day over 4 months display navigation-related gains in performance and stable hippocamp

In vitro mechanotransduction studies, uncovering the basic science of the response of cells to mechanical forces, are essential for progress in tissue engineering and its clinical application. Many varying investigations have described a multitude of cell responses; however, as the precise nature and magnitude of the stresses applied are infrequently reported and rarely validated, the experiments

PurposeTo analyse the relationship between patient-reported outcome measures and clinical outcome measures in 42 individual Swedish cataract surgery settings. MethodsThe study material consisted of follow-up data on cataract extractions collected by the Swedish National Cataract Register in 2008-2011. Patient-reported outcome was measured using the Catquest-9SF questionnaire. A total of 9707 pairs

The normalized differential cross section for top-quark pair production in association with at least one jet is studied as a function of the inverse of the invariant mass of the t (t) over bar + 1-jet system. This distribution can be used for a precise determination of the top-quark mass since gluon radiation depends on the mass of the quarks. The experimental analysis is based on proton-proton co

In the last few decades, Western governments have spent huge sums of money to promote democracy abroad. We do not know which, if any, of these programs actually work. If we cannot measure democracy in sufficient detail and with the necessary nuance, we cannot mark its progress and setbacks or affect its future course. While distinguishing the most democratic countries from the least democratic one

We appraised the methodology, execution and quality of the five published meta-analyses that are based on the five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared cardiotocography (CTG) +ST analysis to CTG. The meta-analyses contained errors, either created de novo in handling of original data, or from a failure to recognize essential differences among the RCTs, particularly in their inclusion

In the genome of Artiodactyla (cow, sheep, pigs, camels, and whales), a major retroposon group originated from a presumable horizontal transfer of BovB, a retrotransposon-like element retroposon, between 52 and 70 million years ago. Since then, BovB retroposons have proliferated and today occupy a quarter of the cow's genome sequence. The BovB-related short interspersed elements (SINEs) were used

Purpose: Prostate cancer is a heterogenous disease with a variable natural history that is not accurately predicted by currently used prognostic tools. Experimental Design: We genotyped 798 prostate cancer cases of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry treated for localized prostate cancer between June 1988 and December 2007. Blood samples were prospectively collected and de-identified before being genotyped

Abstract As custom multicore architectures become more and more common for DSP applications, instruction selection and scheduling for such applications and architectures become important topics. In this paper, we explore the effects of defining the problem of finding an optimal instruction selection and scheduling as a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). We incorporate methods based on sub-grap

Research about the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity in the Saudi Arabian female population is limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the dietary habits and the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity and associated factors among female university students.

Great expectations have been raised about neuroprotection of therapeutic hypothermia in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by analogy with its effects after heart arrest, neonatal asphyxia, and drowning in cold water. The aim of this study is to review our present knowledge of the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on outcome in children and adults with severe TBI. A literature search for r

Our paper traces the history and progressive development of environmental education and education for sustainable development (ESD) in Sweden and Denmark. Our main focus is on work in primary and lower secondary schools as part of a search for trends of international interest related to the conceptualisation and practice of environmental education and ESD in both countries, as well as the role and

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multisytem degenerative disorder. In addition to motor symptoms such as akinesia, rigidity and tremor, various non-motor symptoms occur, which are still insufficiently diagnosed. Moreover, the frequently used scales and scores do not adequately detect these non-motor symptoms. The Non-motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMSQuest) is an established self-completed