A 12 GHz PLL with digital output phase control has been implemented in a 90 nm CMOS process. It is intended for LO signal generation in integrated phased array transceivers. Locally placed PLLs eliminate the need of long high frequency LO routing to each transceiver in a phased array circuit. Routing losses are thereby reduced and the design of integrated phased array transceivers becomes more mod

Background-Retrospective studies have suggested that patients with a low transvalvular gradient in the presence of an aortic valve area

We apply hard pion Chiral Perturbation Theory to charmonium decays to pi pi, KK and eta eta. We first discuss why we expect to be able to provide results for the chiral logarithms in chi(c0) and chi(c2) decays to two pseudoscalars while for the decays from J/psi, psi(nS) and chi(c1) no simple prediction is possible. The leading chiral logarithm turns out to be absent for chi(c0), chi(c2) -> PP. Th

This study presents a state-of-the-art overview on heat transfer characteristics of fluids (mainly water, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon fuels) flowing in smooth tubes and enhanced tubes at supercritical pressures and tries to obtain a fundamental understanding of the unique characteristics. Heat transfer in enhanced tubes is much better than that in smooth tubes with a larger pressure drop penalt

The emission control in heavy-duty vehicles today is based on predefined injection strategies and after-treatment systems such as SCR (selective catalytic reduction) and DPF (diesel particulate filter). State-of-the-art engine control is presently based on cycle-to-cycle resolution. The introduction of the crank angle resolved pressure measurement, from a piezo-based pressure sensor, enables the p

Objective. To identify if mothers to stillborn babies had had a premonition that their unborn child might not be well and how they dealt with that premonition. Design. A mixed method approach. Setting: 1 034 women answered a web questionnaire. Sample: 614 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria of having a stillbirth after the 22(nd) gestational week and answered questions about premonition. Method

It has been suggested that organic farming may benefit farmland biodiversity more in landscapes that have lost a significant part of its former landscape heterogeneity. We tested this hypothesis by comparing bird species richness and abundance during the breeding season in organic and conventional farms, matched to eliminate all differences not directly linked to the farming practice, situated in

We extend earlier work on leading logarithms in the massive nonlinear O(n) sigma model to the case of SU(N) x SU(N)/SU(N) which coincides with mesonic Chiral Perturbation Theory for N flavours of light quarks. We discuss the leading logarithms for the mass and decay constant to six loops and for the vacuum expectation value ((q) over barq) to seven loops. For dynamical quantities the expressions g

Regulatory restrictions on antibiotic residues in dairy products have resulted in the illegal addition of beta-lactamase to lower antibiotic levels in milk in China. Here we demonstrate a fast, sensitive and convenient method based on enzyme thermistor (ET) for the surveillance of beta-lactamase in milk. A fixed amount of penicillin G, which is a specific substrate of beta-lactamase, was incubated

Frågan om brukarinflytande inom välfärdssektorn har sin grund i de krav på humanisering, demokratisering och maktdelning som höjdes av den ideella brukarrörelsen på 1960- och 70-talet. I dag har tanken om brukarinflytande anammats av det offentliga och de krav på inflytande som tidigare höjdes av en social rörelse utifrån och underifrån, drivs nu politiskt inifrån och uppifrån inom den offentliga The roots of the idea of user involvement within social services can be found in the efforts of the rising service user movement in the 1960s and 70s. Today the concept of “service user involvement” has been adopted by the state and is widespread within political rhetoric’s as well as in human service practices. However, user involvement is known to be an imprecise phenomenon that can take on diff

Abstract in Undetermined Ruthenium polypyridyl rigid-rod compounds with phenylene-ethynelene (OPE) spacers and an isophthalic acid (Ipa) binding group were synthesized and characterized for sensitization of nanocrystalline TiO(2) (anatase) thin films. Density functional theory predicted that the most stable structure oriented the isophthalic group about 45 degrees from normal to the TiO(2) surface

Background: To make lignocellulosic fuel ethanol economically competitive with fossil fuels, it is necessary to reduce the production cost. One way to achieve this is by increasing the substrate concentration in the production process, and thus reduce the energy demand in the final distillation of the fermentation broth. However, increased substrate concentration in simultaneous saccharification a

This thesis investigates Swedish intonation patterns and their interaction with word accent realisation in various pragmatic conditions, using German as a reference language. The point of departure is the wide-spread assumption that Swedish, as a language with a tonal word accent distinction, has a considerably smaller repertoire of nuclear intonation contours than German and other so-called inton

Popular Abstract in Swedish Personlig assistans i praktiken Beredskap, initiativ och vänskaplighet Bakgrund, syfte och perspektivval Denna avhandling handlar om hur det går till att realisera personlig assistans, en insats för människor med omfattande funktionsnedsättningar. Serviceformen personlig assistans, som myntades av den amerikanska Independent Living –rörelsen i slutet av 1960 talet, uPersonal assistance is a user-directed service that was founded by a section of the disability movement, namely the American Independent Living movement, in the late 1960s. Today, the concept and ideology of personal assistance services (PAS) has spread worldwide, and constitutes a part of the support system for people with disabilities in many countries. The service differs from several other pub

Two-dimensional measurements of primarily hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2) are, for the first time, demonstrated in flames. The measurements are performed in different Bunsen-type premixed flames (H-2/O-2. CH4/O-2, and CH4/air) using photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PF-LIF). Photofragmentation is done by laser radiation at 266 nm, and the generated OH photofragments are probed through flu

Community-acquired infections, including respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs), represent a major burden for most healthcare systems, partially due to ineffective or inappropriate antibiotic treatment leading to clinical failure, which often requires alternative antibiotics for cure. Appropriate antimicrobial use not only maximises clinical success in the treatmen